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目的了解福州市医用诊断X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者的入射体表剂量(ESD)水平。方法采用整群抽样方法,2014年选择福州市38家不同级别医院经影像质量控制检测合格的52台医用诊断X射线摄影机,摄影体位包括头颅、胸部、腰椎和胸椎的正位与侧位,以标准水模体模拟成人受检者,将热释光剂量计布放于标准水模体的照射野中央位置,用正常临床投照条件曝光进行ESD检测。结果 X射线摄影所致受检者的ESD为0.35~17.90 m Gy,其中胸部正位摄影体位最低,为(0.35±0.03)m Gy,腰椎侧位摄影体位最高,为(17.90±1.26)m Gy。8种摄影体位X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者ESD均分别低于GB 16348—2010《医用X射线诊断受检者放射卫生防护标准》推荐的相同体位典型成年受检者X射线摄影的剂量指导水平。直接数字化X射线摄影系统(DR机)和计算机X射线摄影系统(CR机)所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别低于普通X射线机(P<0.05);DR机和CR机所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);上述3种X射线摄影机在胸部正位和侧位所致受检者ESD分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DR机和CR机摄影致受检者ESD低于普通X射线机,普及DR机与CR机有利于降低受检者受照剂量。
Objective To understand the incident surface dose (ESD) level of the subjects in Fuzhou Medical Photography X-ray Camera. Methods The cluster sampling method was used. In 2014, 52 medical diagnostic X-ray cameras qualified by image quality control in 38 hospitals of different levels in Fuzhou were selected. The imaging positions included the anteroposterior and lateral positions of skull, chest, lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, A standard water phantom simulates an adult subject and places a thermoluminescent dosimeter in the center of the irradiation field of a standard water phantom. The ESD test is performed with normal clinical exposure conditions. Results The ESD of patients with X-ray photography was 0.35 ~ 17.90 m Gy, the lowest was (0.35 ± 0.03) m Gy in the chest and the highest was in the lumbar lateral photography (17.90 ± 1.26) m Gy . The ESD of 8 subjects under X-ray photography was lower than that of X-ray photography of the same body position of the same body as GB 16348-2010 “Radiation Protection Standard of Medical X-Ray Diagnostic Subjects” respectively Level. The subjects with ESD caused by direct digital radiography (DR) and computerized radiography (CR) were lower than normal X-ray machine in the anterior and posterior position of skull, lumbar spine and thoracic spine respectively (P <0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the positive and lateral positions of the head, lumbar spine and thoracic spine between the DR and CR machines (P> 0.05). The above three X-ray radiographs were positive in the chest There was no significant difference in ESD between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion DR and CR machines caused by photographic subjects ESD was lower than ordinary X-ray machines, the popularity of DR machines and CR machines help to reduce the subject dose.