目的了解福州市马尾区小学甲型H1N1流感暴发的流行特征,分析暴发原因及所采取的防制措施,为制定学校甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,分析福州市马尾区4所学校的爆发疫情的流行病学特征。采集病例的咽拭子标本,应用real-time RT-PCR方法检测甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸。结果 4所学校共发生流感样病例146例,罹患率为33.56‰,每起疫情持续时间在3~6 d之间;男女比例为1∶1;临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主。结论 4起甲型H1N1流感暴发疫情没有明显的传染源与传播链,提示存在社区水平的传播。经采取隔离治疗病人,严格晨午检和因病缺课追踪登记、加强教室通风以及健康教育等综合措施,疫情得到及时控制。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks in Mawei Primary School in Fuzhou and to analyze the reasons for the outbreak and the preventive measures taken so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating the control measures for outbreaks of Influenza A (H1N1) in schools. Methods Epidemiological survey methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks in 4 schools in Mawei District of Fuzhou City. Throat swab specimens were collected and the nucleic acid of influenza A (H1N1) virus was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results A total of 146 cases of influenza-like illness were found in 4 schools, the attack rate was 33.56 ‰, and the duration of each outbreak was between 3 and 6 days. The ratio of male to female was 1: 1. The clinical symptoms were fever and cough. Conclusion Four outbreaks of influenza A (H1N1) outbreak did not have obvious source of infection and transmission chain, suggesting the existence of community level transmission. The epidemic situation has been controlled in a timely manner after taking comprehensive measures such as isolation and treatment of patients, strict afternoon luncheon check and follow-up due to absence from school, enhancement of classroom ventilation and health education.