The primary purpose is to develop a robust adaptive machine parts recognition system. A fuzzy neural network classifier is proposed for machine parts classifier. It is an efficient modeling method. Through learning, it can approach a random nonlinear function. A fuzzy neural network classifier is presented based on fuzzy mapping model. It is used for machine parts classification. The experimental system of machine parts classification is introduced. A robust least square back-propagation (RLSBP) training algorithm which combines robust least square (RLS) with back-propagation (BP) algorithm is put forward. Simulation and experimental results show that the learning property of RLSBP is superior to BP.