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基于长江源风火山多年冻土区典型小流域2004—2007年的观测资料,运用回归和统计分析方法,探讨了气温、地温、降水、土壤水分与径流的响应关系.结果表明:5—9月为研究流域的水文过程活跃期,该时段的径流量占全年总径流量的85%;径流过程中存在春汛和夏汛,夏汛洪峰值明显高于春汛.径流过程中不同时段具有不同的影响主导因子,春汛期主要是65 cm以上的土壤温度和水分起主导作用;夏季枯水期40 cm以上土壤水分与径流是负相关,深层地温和土壤水分起主导作用;夏汛期气温、降水起主导作用;秋季枯水期的影响因子依次为土壤温度、水分及气温.多年冻土区降水大部分冻结在土壤中或者用来补充土壤水分的亏缺,不能直接产流,只有在春汛和夏汛期间与径流保持一定的相关关系.
Based on the observed data from 2004 to 2007 in the typical small watershed of the Evergreen-derived volcano in the Yangtze River, the relationship between temperature, ground temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and runoff was studied by regression and statistical analysis. The results show that from May to September In order to study the active period of the hydrological process in the basin, the runoff in this period accounted for 85% of the annual total runoff. There were spring flood and summer flood in the runoff, and the peak value in summer flood was obviously higher than that in the spring flood. The runoff had different The main influencing factors were the soil temperature and moisture above 65 cm played a leading role in the spring flood season. The soil moisture and runoff above 40 cm in summer were negatively correlated, and the ground temperature and soil moisture played the leading role. The temperature and precipitation in summer flood season dominates The influencing factors of autumn dry season are soil temperature, water and air temperature, respectively.Most of the precipitation in the permafrost region is frozen in soil or used to replenish the soil water deficit, which can not be directly produced, only during spring flood season and summer flood season, Maintain a certain relationship.