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为研究激光熔凝中熔池的光谱辐射特性,采用光栅光谱检测技术,检测了激光定点辐照和不同速度下45钢熔池光谱,得到不同功率、不同速度的光谱分布。结果表明:功率500 W激光定点辐照下,在波长532nm处熔池光谱相对强度最高为1 936,激光继续辐照时光谱相对强度不再增加,达到准稳态状态;激光功率1 000 W时,532nm波长处熔池光谱相对强度最高3 010,有部分光谱曲线饱和。激光熔凝熔池光谱波动与熔凝表面质量存在一定的关系,激光功率950W,扫描速度1mm/s时,熔池光谱相对强度波动较大,在565nm处光谱线波动500,熔凝质量较差;扫描速度4mm/s时,可得到较平整的熔凝层,光谱谱线最大波动在220~310。对定点辐照下熔池光谱中的发射谱线标定表明,线光谱主要由FeI辐射。该检测结果可用于激光熔凝工艺优化,实现激光熔凝的在线监控和反馈控制。
In order to study the spectral radiation characteristics of molten pool in laser fusion, grating optical spectrum detection technology was used to detect the laser spot irradiation and the spectrum of 45 steel molten pool at different speeds to obtain the spectral distributions of different powers and different velocities. The results show that the relative intensity of the melt pool at a wavelength of 532 nm at a wavelength of 500 nm is up to 1 936 under 500 W laser spot irradiation. The relative intensity of the laser spectrum no longer increases when the laser continues to irradiate and reaches the quasi-steady state. When the laser power is 1000 W , The relative intensity of the molten pool at 532nm wavelength is up to 3 010, and some of the spectral curves are saturated. There is a certain relationship between the spectral fluctuation of laser fusion pool and the surface quality of the fused mass. When the laser power is 950W and the scanning speed is 1mm / s, the relative intensity of the pool fluctuates greatly. The spectral line fluctuates at 565nm and the quality of fusion is poor When the scanning speed is 4mm / s, a smoother fused layer can be obtained, and the maximum fluctuation of the spectral line is 220-310. The calibration of the emission line in the bath spectrum under fixed-point irradiation shows that the line spectrum is mainly irradiated by FeI. The test results can be used to optimize the laser fusion process, online monitoring and feedback control of laser melting.