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目的:分析海南省2005～2010年新生儿死亡监测资料,为确定今后新生儿保健工作重点提供依据。方法:比较城乡新生儿死亡率、死亡的主要死因及死亡前就医情况,了解海南省城乡新生儿死亡的现状。结果:2005～2010年海南省新生儿死亡率逐年下降,进一步分析显示城乡新生儿死亡率均有下降,而且每年农村新生儿死亡率均高于城市新生儿死亡率(P<0.01)。城市新生儿前四位的死因依次为早产低体重(34.27%)、出生窒息(24.48%)、先天异常(11.89%)和肺炎(3.50%),农村新生儿前四位的死因依次为早产低体重(41.81%)、出生窒息(15.20%)、肺炎(9.65%)和先天异常(9.16%)。新生儿死亡前就医城市住院率显著高于农村(P<0.01)。结论:海南省新生儿保健水平显著提高,城乡差异较大,加强农村围产期保健,提高儿科、产科的质量,扩大健康教育覆盖面是降低新生儿死亡率的重要措施。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the neonatal death monitoring data from 2005 to 2010 in Hainan Province, and provide the basis for determining the focus of newborn care in the future. Methods: To compare the neonatal mortality rates in urban and rural areas, the major causes of death and the medical conditions before death, so as to understand the status of neonatal deaths in urban and rural areas of Hainan Province. Results: From 2005 to 2010, the neonatal mortality rate in Hainan Province decreased year by year. Further analysis showed that the neonatal mortality rates in both urban and rural areas decreased, and the annual neonatal mortality rates in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas (P <0.01). The leading causes of death in urban newborns were premature low birth weight (34.27%), birth asphyxia (24.48%), congenital anomalies (11.89%) and pneumonia (3.50%). Body weight (41.81%), birth asphyxia (15.20%), pneumonia (9.65%) and congenital anomalies (9.16%). Newborns hospitalized before death were significantly higher than in rural areas (P <0.01). Conclusion: The level of neonatal health care in Hainan Province is significantly increased. There is a big difference between urban and rural areas. Enhancing perinatal care in rural areas, improving the quality of pediatrics and obstetrics, and expanding health education coverage are important measures to reduce neonatal mortality.