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土壤微生物生物地理学是研究土壤中微生物空间分布格局及其随时间变化的一门科学。开展土壤微生物生物地理学研究有助于深入挖掘土壤中的未知生物资源,深刻理解土壤中微生物多样性的产生、维持机制,并可预测陆地生态系统功能的演变方向。由于土壤中微生物绝大多数不可培养,所以其生物地理学研究长期滞后于动植物的生物地理学。21世纪以来,新一代高通量测序、组学技术的突破为土壤微生物生物地理学带来了前所未有的机遇,使其成为土壤生物学、微生物生态学领域的国际研究热点。本文阐述了近年来国内外土壤微生物生物地理学的研究现状,提出了近期研究重点,并对该领域的未来研究与发展态势进行了展望。
Soil microbial biogeography is to study the spatial distribution of microorganisms in soil and its change over time as a science. Carrying out the study of soil microbial biogeography is helpful to dig deep into the unknown biological resources in soil, deeply understand the production and maintenance of microbial diversity in soil, and predict the evolution direction of the terrestrial ecosystem. Because the vast majority of soil microorganisms can not be cultured, so its biogeography has lagged far behind animal and plant biogeography. Since the 21st century, the breakthrough of a new generation of high-throughput sequencing and omics technology has brought unprecedented opportunities for soil microbial biogeography, making it an international research hotspot in soil biology and microbial ecology. In this paper, the research status of soil microbial biogeography at home and abroad in recent years is expounded, recent research focuses are put forward, and the future research and development trend in this field are prospected.