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重点、难点分析:
1.claim vt.& n.
(1) 要求 (获得权利)；请求
eg.Can I claim payment for him for the damage? 我能代他要求赔偿损失吗?
(2) 声称……；断言
He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.他宣称他曾看过蒙娜丽莎(这幅画)。
He claimed that he had seen the Mona Lisa.他宣称他曾看过蒙娜丽莎(这幅画)。
(3) (疾病,意外)夺取生命
The tsunami in Indonesia has claimed many lives.印尼的海啸夺走了很多人的生命。
高考链接：
The terrible typhoon last month _____________ tens of lives, which made us _____________ .(2008扬州市一模)
A.claimed; shocked
B.has claimed; shocking
C.had claimed; shocking
D.was claiming; shocked
答案:A
2.risk n.风险,危险v.冒……的危险
I will risk being punished (the punishment).我明知会受处罚也会做。
at risk 处于危险中 at the risk of 冒着……危险
take a risk 冒险 take the risk of冒着……危险
高考链接：
If your race car isn’t insured, you may _____________ losing everything when it hits something solid.(2007上海春季)
A.delayB.deny
C.avoidD.risk
答案：D
3.switch v., vt.& n.转换，转变
He switched the light from green to red.他把灯从绿色变成了红色。
He is always switching jobs.他一直在变换工作。
switch on 开（电灯等）
switch off 关上（电灯等）
4.squeeze n.& v.拮据，紧缺；挤压，勉强通过
I squeezed out my wet clothes.我拧干湿衣服。
I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.我勉强挤上拥挤的火车。
Shes just lost her job,so theyre really feeling the squeeze.她刚失了业，这下他们真正感到艰难了。
squeeze in 挤进去；
squeeze out 挤出去；
squeeze through 挤过，勉强通过
5.conscious adj.意识到的，注意到的
unconscious adj.无意识的；
consciousness n.意识，察觉
eg.He was very conscious of his shortcomings.他对自己的缺点十分清楚。
She was conscious that she was wrong.她意识到自己错了。
She was conscious of being wrong.她意识到自己错了。
6.contribute to 促成，引发
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。
高考链接：
Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experiences _____________ greatly to his success in public life.(2007安徽六校联考)
A.owedB.contributed
C.attachedD.related
答案：B
7.Geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine.(P2,L6).
格尔多夫想通过音乐会为饥荒筹钱，并提高公众对饥荒的意识。
考点:intend v.想……，打算，意图
(1) intend to do/ doing sth
He intends to study abroad next year.他打算明年到国外学习。
I intended to catch the early train, but I didnt get up in time.我本来打算赶早班的火车，但是我起晚了。
(2) intend sb/sth to do (that…)
They intend the plan to be put into practice within the year.
=They intend that the plan should be put into practice within the year.他们打算在本年内实行该计划。
(3) intend + 名词 + （for/as名词）
The chair was intended for you, but she took it away.那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。
That remark was intended as a joke.那句话本来只是个玩笑。
8.The infrastructure of a country is what makes everything run smoothly.(P3,L37)
一国的基础设施就是让一切平稳运作的设施。
此句中“what” 引导表语从句，“what” 在从句中作主语。What引导的名词性从句是高考考查的重点。
高考链接：
1.Failure happens when you give up.To go on till you succeed is _____________it takes to do anything well.
A.thatB.when
C.whatD.whether
2.Choosing the right dictionary depends on_____________ you want to use it for.（2007 江苏卷）
A.whatB.why
C.howD.whether
3.It is none of your business_____________ other people think about you.Believe yourself.（2007 福建卷）
A.howB.what
C.whichD.when
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B
4.In the next several decades,it is believed that the worlds population will increase to about nine billion people.(P14,L1)
据信，在未来的数十年中，世界人口将增长到大约九十亿。
考点：“It is believed / said / reported/ known that …”
可以转化为：
“从句主语 +be + believed / said / reported / known to be ( to be doing/ to have done)”
高考链接：
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____________the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(2007 辽宁卷)
A.breakingB.having broken
C.to have brokenD.break
答案:C
10.We are currently consuming fossil fuels at a much higher rate than they are being produced.(P14,L41)
我们现在消耗矿物燃料的速度要远远超出生产这些燃料的速度。
考点：程度副词修饰比较级。通常修饰比较级的程度副词：
(1) a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 (2) 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3) 以上词除by far外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
高考链接：
1.If there were no examinations, we should have _____________ at school.
A.the happiest time
B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time
D.a much happier time
2.After two year’s research, we now have a _____________ better understanding of the disease.(2007全国卷II)
A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite
3.—Canada is colder than China.
—Are you joking? It’s _____________ colder! (2008北京东城区 一模)
A.a little; moreB.little; more
C.a little; muchD.little; much
答案：1.D 2.B 3.C
1.claim vt.& n.
(1) 要求 (获得权利)；请求
eg.Can I claim payment for him for the damage? 我能代他要求赔偿损失吗?
(2) 声称……；断言
He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa.他宣称他曾看过蒙娜丽莎(这幅画)。
He claimed that he had seen the Mona Lisa.他宣称他曾看过蒙娜丽莎(这幅画)。
(3) (疾病,意外)夺取生命
The tsunami in Indonesia has claimed many lives.印尼的海啸夺走了很多人的生命。
高考链接：
The terrible typhoon last month _____________ tens of lives, which made us _____________ .(2008扬州市一模)
A.claimed; shocked
B.has claimed; shocking
C.had claimed; shocking
D.was claiming; shocked
答案:A
2.risk n.风险,危险v.冒……的危险
I will risk being punished (the punishment).我明知会受处罚也会做。
at risk 处于危险中 at the risk of 冒着……危险
take a risk 冒险 take the risk of冒着……危险
高考链接：
If your race car isn’t insured, you may _____________ losing everything when it hits something solid.(2007上海春季)
A.delayB.deny
C.avoidD.risk
答案：D
3.switch v., vt.& n.转换，转变
He switched the light from green to red.他把灯从绿色变成了红色。
He is always switching jobs.他一直在变换工作。
switch on 开（电灯等）
switch off 关上（电灯等）
4.squeeze n.& v.拮据，紧缺；挤压，勉强通过
I squeezed out my wet clothes.我拧干湿衣服。
I squeezed myself onto the crowded train.我勉强挤上拥挤的火车。
Shes just lost her job,so theyre really feeling the squeeze.她刚失了业，这下他们真正感到艰难了。
squeeze in 挤进去；
squeeze out 挤出去；
squeeze through 挤过，勉强通过
5.conscious adj.意识到的，注意到的
unconscious adj.无意识的；
consciousness n.意识，察觉
eg.He was very conscious of his shortcomings.他对自己的缺点十分清楚。
She was conscious that she was wrong.她意识到自己错了。
She was conscious of being wrong.她意识到自己错了。
6.contribute to 促成，引发
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross.每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。
高考链接：
Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experiences _____________ greatly to his success in public life.(2007安徽六校联考)
A.owedB.contributed
C.attachedD.related
答案：B
7.Geldof intended the concert to raise money for and public awareness of the famine.(P2,L6).
格尔多夫想通过音乐会为饥荒筹钱，并提高公众对饥荒的意识。
考点:intend v.想……，打算，意图
(1) intend to do/ doing sth
He intends to study abroad next year.他打算明年到国外学习。
I intended to catch the early train, but I didnt get up in time.我本来打算赶早班的火车，但是我起晚了。
(2) intend sb/sth to do (that…)
They intend the plan to be put into practice within the year.
=They intend that the plan should be put into practice within the year.他们打算在本年内实行该计划。
(3) intend + 名词 + （for/as名词）
The chair was intended for you, but she took it away.那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。
That remark was intended as a joke.那句话本来只是个玩笑。
8.The infrastructure of a country is what makes everything run smoothly.(P3,L37)
一国的基础设施就是让一切平稳运作的设施。
此句中“what” 引导表语从句，“what” 在从句中作主语。What引导的名词性从句是高考考查的重点。
高考链接：
1.Failure happens when you give up.To go on till you succeed is _____________it takes to do anything well.
A.thatB.when
C.whatD.whether
2.Choosing the right dictionary depends on_____________ you want to use it for.（2007 江苏卷）
A.whatB.why
C.howD.whether
3.It is none of your business_____________ other people think about you.Believe yourself.（2007 福建卷）
A.howB.what
C.whichD.when
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B
4.In the next several decades,it is believed that the worlds population will increase to about nine billion people.(P14,L1)
据信，在未来的数十年中，世界人口将增长到大约九十亿。
考点：“It is believed / said / reported/ known that …”
可以转化为：
“从句主语 +be + believed / said / reported / known to be ( to be doing/ to have done)”
高考链接：
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____________the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.(2007 辽宁卷)
A.breakingB.having broken
C.to have brokenD.break
答案:C
10.We are currently consuming fossil fuels at a much higher rate than they are being produced.(P14,L41)
我们现在消耗矿物燃料的速度要远远超出生产这些燃料的速度。
考点：程度副词修饰比较级。通常修饰比较级的程度副词：
(1) a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 (2) 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3) 以上词除by far外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
高考链接：
1.If there were no examinations, we should have _____________ at school.
A.the happiest time
B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time
D.a much happier time
2.After two year’s research, we now have a _____________ better understanding of the disease.(2007全国卷II)
A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite
3.—Canada is colder than China.
—Are you joking? It’s _____________ colder! (2008北京东城区 一模)
A.a little; moreB.little; more
C.a little; muchD.little; much
答案：1.D 2.B 3.C