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中国大陆1949年以来研究孔子的历史,以文化大革命为分界线,形成了三个时期。即研究的开展时期(包括试探和专题论争两个阶段),灾难时期(包括横扫和围攻两个阶段),兴盛时期(包括呼吁、拓展和倡导三个阶段)。研究遭受过摧残,但未曾中断。其主要原因在于孔子思想与中国社会的关系太深。正因为这样,三个时期所论争的共同性问题,都集中于评价孔子学说的性质及社会作用,其中包括孔子学说的阶级属性及对当时社会的作用,关于孔子思想的核心及其评价,关于孔子哲学思想的性质,对于孔子教育思想的评价,关于孔子思想的历史作用等。这些问题的讨论虽然有进展,但不同观点的分歧和对立仍然存在,只是研究和争论的中心,现在已经转移到孔子思想与现代化建设的关系问题上。其中又以探讨孔子思想的现代价值为当前的热门话,在理论上出现了如何发掘和利用孔子思想的现代价值的商讨,对“批判地继承”的命题提出了一些具体解说。笔者认为,对于孔子思想等历史文化遗产,可以着重提倡:在创建中吸收、改造。已经有些专业学科在进行创建中吸收、改造的尝试。今后中国大陆对于孔子的研究,可能会出现一个在各种文化形式的创建热潮中进一步开展的时期。
Since 1949, the history of Confucius in China has taken the cultural revolution as the dividing line, forming three periods. Namely, the research period (including the two stages of heuristic and thematic debate), the disaster period (including the two stages of sweeping and siege), the prosperous period (including the three phases of appealing, expanding and advocating). Studies were torn but never stopped. The main reason is that the relationship between Confucius and Chinese society is too deep. It is for this reason that the common issues debated in the three periods focused on the evaluation of the nature and social role of Confucianism, including the class nature of Confucianism and its role in society at that time, the core and evaluation of Confucianism, The nature of Confucius philosophy, the evaluation of Confucian education, the historical role of Confucius. Although there has been progress in the discussion of these issues, the differences and antagonisms of different points of view still exist. Only the center of research and debate has now shifted to the issue of the relationship between Confucianism and the modernization drive. Among them, the modern value of Confucius’s thought is the hot topic nowadays. In theory, there are discussions on how to discover and use the modern value of Confucianism. Some concrete explanations are given on the proposition of “critically inheriting”. The author believes that for Confucianism and other historical and cultural heritage, you can focus on promoting: to create in the absorption, transformation. Some professional disciplines in the creation of absorption, transformation of the attempt. Future studies of Confucius in Mainland China may bring about a period of further development in the process of creating a variety of cultural forms.