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和中东欧的大多数国家一样,匈牙利医疗服务“非正式支付”也较普遍,但相关研究极少。长期以来,医院被认为起着劫富济贫的作用。通过匈牙利的样本调查研究,分析了不同收入人群“非正式支付”负担的分布情况。结果显示在卫生服务筹资中,“非正式支付”具有高度累退性。全科医生服务、专科门诊服务、住院医疗服务、整体医疗服务的Kakwani累进指数分别是-0.38、-0.39、-0.35和-0.36,表明低收入人群的“非正式支付”占其收入的比例更高,这也暗示了医院“劫富济贫”角色的虚假性,医疗服务体制需要改革。
As in most countries in Central and Eastern Europe, the “unofficial payment” of Hungarian medical services is also relatively common, but there are very few relevant studies. For a long time, hospitals have been considered to play a role in robbing the rich and helping the poor. Through the sample survey in Hungary, the distribution of “informal payment” burdens of different income groups was analyzed. The results show that “informal payments” are highly regressive in the financing of health services. The Kakwani progressive indices for general practitioner services, specialist outpatient services, inpatient medical services, and overall medical services are -0.38, -0.39, -0.35, and -0.36, respectively, indicating that “informal payments” of low-income people account for their income. The higher ratio means that the role of the hospital in “robbing the poor and helping the poor” is falsified, and the medical service system needs reform.