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一、问题的提出建造海船闸——设栏河道入海口的过船建筑物——的基本目的,是在保持海、河之间通航的条件下,防止海潮涌入河道引起河水位的变化和防止河水咸化。但在实践中,人们逐渐发现,事情并不完全如此,当舶船通过船闸时,还伴有大量淡水流失入海的问题。这个问题,首先在荷兰得到重视,因为荷兰很早就是一个海运业发达的国家,而其国土的四分之一低于平均海平面(最低达六米之多),因此在河道入口建有多座船闸。荷兰对海船闸的防咸措施的研究已有近四十年的历史,找到并实行
I. PROBLEM PROPOSALS The basic purpose of building a shiplock - setting a barge across a riverway to the sea - is to prevent the influx of the tide into the riverway from causing changes in river level and Prevent river salinization. However, in practice, people gradually realized that things were not exactly the case. When the ship passed the ship lock, a large amount of fresh water was lost to the sea. This problem, first of all, is taken seriously in the Netherlands because the Netherlands was a long time ago a country with a developed maritime industry and a quarter of its territory was below average sea level (up to a minimum of six meters) Ship lock. The Dutch study on the measures to prevent salty seafloor locks has been nearly 40 years old and has been found and implemented