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为明确豆薯Pachyrrhizus erosus(L.)Urban种子中的杀虫成分及其杀虫毒力,以白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus4龄幼虫为目标昆虫,在活性跟踪的基础上,通过多种色谱技术和核磁共振技术分离鉴定其化学成分结构,并通过浸渍法、点滴、夹毒叶碟法等测定各化合物对白纹伊蚊幼虫、棉蚜Aphis gossypii无翅成蚜、甘薯天蛾Herse convolvuli幼虫和小菜蛾Plutella xylostella幼虫的杀虫活性和作用方式。结果表明,从豆薯种子中共分离、鉴定了14个化合物,即12a-hydoxyrotenone,pachyrrhizine,12a-hydoxypachyrrhizone,12a-dehydropachyrrizone,a-naphthoflavone,7-methoxyflavanone,12a-hydroxydolineone,6-methoxyflavone,4′-hydoxyflavanone,quercetin dihydate,5-methoxyflavone,7-hydroxyflavone,3′-hydoxyflavanone和3-hydroxyflavone。上述化合物中的前7个化合物对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫具有毒杀活性,处理24h的LC50分别是25.0,51.1,196.2,48.4,98.9,107.2和15.6mg/L;前6个化合物对棉蚜成虫24h的毒力分别为1.5,10.9,80.7,8,32.1和112.8mg/L;前5个化合物以及12a-hydroxydolineone对甘薯天蛾3龄幼虫有毒杀活性;12a-hydoxyrotenone对3龄小菜蛾幼虫24h的胃毒毒力LD50为17.3μg/头,7-methoxyflavanone对该虫仅表现出较弱的生长发育抑制活性。首次从豆薯种子中分离得9个化合物,即6-methoxyflavone,4′-hydoxyflavanone,quercetin dihydate,a-naphthoflavone,7-methoxyflavanone,5-methoxyflavone,7-hydroxyflavone,3′-hydoxyflavanone和3-hydroxyflavone;豆薯种子含有7个活性成分,其作用方式因目标昆虫不同而不同,其主要杀虫成分不是鱼藤酮而是12a-羟基鱼藤酮。
In order to clarify the insecticidal components and their insecticidal virulence in the seeds of Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urban, the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus were selected as the target insects. Based on the activity tracing, The structures of the chemical constituents were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the inhibitory effects of each compound on Aedes albopictus larvae, aphid-free aphids (Aphis gossypii), Herse convolvuli larvae and Plutella xylostella Insecticidal activity and mode of action of Plutella xylostella larvae. The results showed that 14 compounds, 12a-hydoxyrotenone, 12a-hydoxypachyrrhizone, 12a-dehydropachyrrizone, a-naphthoflavone, 7-methoxyflavanone, 12a-hydroxydolineone, hydoxyflavanone, quercetin dihydate, 5-methoxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, 3’-hydoxyflavanone and 3-hydroxyflavone. The first seven compounds in the above compounds showed toxic activity against the 4th instar larvae of Aedes albopictus with the LC50 values of 25.0, 51.1, 196.2, 48.4, 98.9, 107.2 and 15.6 mg / L, respectively. The first 6 compounds against Aphis gossypii The first 5 compounds and 12a-hydroxydolineone were toxic to the third-instar larvae of the sweet potato moth, respectively. The toxicity of 12a-hydoxyrotenone to 3rd-instar Plutella xylostella larvae The toxicotoxicity LD50 of 24h was 17.3μg / head, and 7-methoxyflavanone showed only weak growth and development inhibitory activity to this pest. Nine compounds, 6-methoxyflavone, 4’-hydoxyflavanone, a-naphthoflavone, 7-methoxyflavanone, 5-methoxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, 3’-hydoxyflavanone and 3-hydroxyflavone, Bean seeds contain seven active ingredients, its mode of action due to different target insects, the main pesticide ingredient is not rotenone but 12a-hydroxy rotenone.