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人类学家和语言学家Berlin和Kay在合著的《基本颜色词》中提出了“语义特征普遍性的假设”。该理论认为在颜色词的语义场中,不同语言之间存在共性。语言符号的象似性研究打破了“语言任意性”原则一统天下的局面,为语言学研究向多元化、纵深化方向发展开拓了思路。本研究以此理论为基础,结合语言认知理论,从英汉基本颜色词出现的顺序、语义特征及范畴三方面探讨其象似性,从而论证人类语言是普遍性和相对性的紧密结合。
Anthropologists and linguists Berlin and Kay proposed the “assumption of the universality of the semantic features” in the co-authored Basic Color Words. The theory holds that in the semantic field of color words, there are commonalities between different languages. The iconicity study of linguistic symbols has broken the rule that the principle of “language arbitrariness” dominated the whole world, which opened up a new way for linguistic research to diversify and deepen the development of direction. Based on this theory and the theory of linguistic cognition, this study explores its iconicity from three aspects of the order, semantic features and categories of the basic color words in English and Chinese. Thus, it is argued that the human language is the close combination of universality and relativity.