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鉴于石油化工等工业的发展,低温压力容器的使用日益增多。对低温压力容器的设计、选材和制造等均引起了广泛的兴趣,最近也发表了关于低温压力容器设计的文章。在探讨这方面的问题时必需遵循一些基本概念和原则、本文试图从低应力脆断、断裂机理和温度及加载速度对材料韧性的影响这一角度来探讨有关低温压力容器设计的一些基本概念.低应力脆断压力容器在受载情况下,存在着几种与应力有关的破坏形式,即(1)大塑性变形失效和破坏;(2)高应变疲劳;(3)腐蚀疲劳;(4)应力腐蚀;(5)高温蠕变和(6)低应力脆断。由容器的工作条件决定它可能发生的破坏形式。因此在讨论如何防止容器的破坏问题时,必须
In view of the petrochemical industry, the use of cryogenic pressure vessels is increasing. Interest in the design, material selection and manufacture of cryogenic pressure vessels has drawn widespread interest and recently published an article on cryogenic pressure vessel design. Some basic concepts and principles must be followed when discussing this issue. This paper attempts to explore some basic concepts about the design of cryogenic pressure vessels from the perspective of low stress brittle fracture mechanism and temperature and loading speed on the material toughness. There are several types of stress-related damage under low stress and brittle fracture: (1) failure and failure of plastic deformation; (2) high strain fatigue; (3) corrosion fatigue; (4) Stress corrosion; (5) High temperature creep and (6) Low stress brittle fracture. Depending on the working conditions of the container it may determine the form of damage that may occur. Therefore, in discussing how to prevent the destruction of the container when the problem must be