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One
关注珍奇动物，强调人与大自然的和谐，是生态环保类文章在命题上的主打题材。本文命题突出命题形式的多样化，如推理题等。
It’s Not All Kangaroos Down There
People just naturally associate kangaroo，koala and fine beaches with Australia. Yes，you can find many fine sand beaches，white or brown，to enjoy the sunshine and seaside breeze. However，in Queensland，the eastern state of Australia，a night beach tour at this time of year may bring you a more exciting sight of the miracle of life: You can watch hatching baby turtles making their first steps in a natural environment.
On Mon Repos beach，about 14 kilometres east of the city of Bundaberg in Queensland，Australia，lies Mon Repos Conservation Park.
By day，Mon Repos beach is a sweeping bay of brown sand，a quiet spot for people to sunbathe，surf and fish.
By night，it’s home to the largest concentration of endangered marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland. And the miracle of egg laying and hatching occurs from around mid-October to the end of April every year.
In order not to disturb the turtles，tourists have to follow the instruction of the guides.
But this may make the tour more like an adventure：Tourist are usually told to huddle close together，hold hands and walk close to the shoreline in the dark.
At the start of the season(October and November)，tourists can view turtles laying their eggs. Nature turtles first use all four flippers to dig a body pit in the sand and then lay eggs in it. It’s not uncommon for a turtle to lay more than 100 eggs at a time. And her mission isn’t done until she uses her flippers to flick sand and cover the nest.
If you go there at the end of the season(March to April)，you can see groups of hatchlings walk down to the water. It is an astonishing sight as the small creatures，barely two minutes old，race instinctively to the sea.
If they survive，the same hatchings will return in 50 years’ time to lay eggs on the very beach where they first emerged（出现）.
1. The first paragraph is intended to _________.
A. recommend the readers to have a holiday in Australia
B. give the readers an idea of the different sceneries of Australia
C. show that Australia has a variety of animals
D. draw the readers’ attention to the topic of this article
2. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. A turtle can usually lay 100 eggs at a time.
B. It’s quite dangerous for the tourists to watch the turtles at night by the seashore.
C. Turtles usually lay eggs when they are 50 years of age.
D. If you go to the beach in October，you can see turtles lay eggs.
解题关键
文章第一段通过介绍大家熟悉的内容以引起读者的兴趣，然后转入本文中心的介绍，详细叙述在澳大利亚海龟产卵、孵化等一系列生趣盎然的细节。理解本文的结构特点、理解作者的用意、准确捕捉特定细节并根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推理是做好本文的关键。
答案解析
1. D推理判断题。文章先从人们所熟知的关于澳大利亚的情况入手，然后引出大家不熟悉的内容，显然是想引起读者对文章内容的重视。
2. B细节理解题。文章提到游客要听从导游的指挥，在晚上手挽着手到海边看乌龟产卵非常“刺激”，但并非有危险。
Two
关注珍奇动物所面临的威胁，唤起人们的保护意识，是高考生态环保类文章在选材上的又一倾向。本文在命题上突出命题形式的多样化，特别注重对全文整体理解的考查以及题外内容的推理。
“The noise made by boats of whale watching tourists may be causing communication problems for the animals,”British researchers said last week. Whale-watching is a popular tourist activity in places where groups of killer whales(虎鲸)live. Every day，dozens of boats filled with tourists go to watch the beautiful animals. Unfortunately，the engines of the boats make a lot of noise，and that may be causing problems for the whales，according to a report in the US science magazine Nature.
The whales travel in groups，and communicate with each other through sonic (声波的)calls that some scientists refer to as singing. The sounds of the boat engines may be creating too much background noise for the whales to be able to hear each other.
The researchers listened to recordings of whale calls made between 15 and 25 years ago，before whale watching became popular. These were compared to more recent recordings.
They found that the animals have started to sing for longer than they used to，like a person shouting to a friend across a noisy room.
It is believed that the whales are trying to communicate hunting or breeding(繁殖)information. Scientists said that，if this is prevented，the future of the world’s whale population could be in danger.
“Animals become slow in mind and repeat themselves in noisy areas,”said Volker Deecke，a Canadian biologist.“They have to say things twice or three times in order to be understood.”
The killer whales studied were living off the coast of northwestern America. The number of killer whales in this area has been falling for several years，but scientists are not sure why.
1. The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. the problems of whale-watching
B. how killer whales communicate with each other
C. the reduced population of killer whales caused by whale-watching
D. hearing problems of the killer whales caused by whale-watching
2. Now in a noisy background，the killer whales have to _____.
A. sing in a louder voice B. sing longer
C. travel in smaller groups D. get nearer to each other
3. Scientists believe that killer whales sing to ______.
A. warn each other of dangers B. keep in the same group
C. send useful information D. enjoy themselves
4. From the passage，we can feel that the author is _____.
A. angry B. hopeful C. worried D. disappointed
解题关键
文章开门见山点明主题：观鲸船所产生的噪音对虎鲸交流造成了危害。然后介绍观鲸旅游的盛行和虎鲸交流方式，两者对照，观点鲜明，论证充分。抓住本文的主题，准确捕捉特定细节并根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推理是做好本文所设问题的关键。文章的第一段对文章起着关键的定位作用，因此大家应首先理解和把握好第一段的内容。
答案解析
1. D主旨归纳题。概括文章第一段可得出答案。观鲸船的噪音给虎鲸的信息交流造成了麻烦。A项所涉范围过大；B项仅仅是文章的细节；C项与原文信息不符，因为文章最后说明虎鲸数量下降的原因不明。
2. B细节理解题。文章第五段说明，因为受噪音干扰，现在虎鲸“唱”的时间比原来长。
3. C细节理解题。文章倒数第三段有说明，虎鲸的“唱歌”是为了交流捕食或繁殖信息。
4. C推理判断题。文章介绍观鲸船的噪音给虎鲸的交流造成了困难，从文章最后的叙述看，虎鲸数量在下降，而科学家也不明白其中原因，因此显然作者对虎鲸的生存状况感到“担忧”。
练习吧
(excerpt from Habitat Extension Bulletin distributed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department)
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat，livestock forage，and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff，releasing it later during drier months，thus improving late-summer stream flows.
In many parts of the arid West，trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species，including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals，both game and nongame.
Dead trees(“snags”)are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers，nuthatches，brown creepers，and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die，contact your local extension agent immediately.
1. What is the effect of the word choice“riparian”?
a. It gives the article an authoritative，scientific tone.
b. It causes confusion，since both streams and rivers could be viewed as riparian.
c. It seems condescending，as if the author was stooping to teach readers.
d. It misleads readers into thinking they are getting scientific information when they are not.
2. By listing the specific birds that live in riparian areas，the author conveys a sense of.
a. urgency on behalf of endangered species
b. the rich and varied life in such areas
c. his or her own importance as a scientific expert
d. poetic wonder over the variety found in nature
3. Assume that the author has done some other writing on this topic for a different audience. The other piece begins:“Remember the last time you walked along a stream? No doubt thick vegetation prevented easy progress.”What is the likely effect on the reader of this opening?
a. An aroused interest，due to the reference to the reader’s personal experience.
b. Resentment，due to being addressed so personally.
c. Loss of interest，because the opening line makes no attempt to draw the reader in.
d. Confusion，because not every reader has walked along a stream.
4. The main subject of the second paragraph of this passage is.
a. the types of birds that live in riparian areas
b. the effect of winter cover on water purity
c. the role of trees and shrubs in riparian areas
d. how winter cover affects game bird populations
5. Overall, the assertions of this passage seem to be based on.
a. rash opinion with little observation behind it
b. deeply held emotional convictions
c. fact derived from scientific literature
d. inconclusive evidence gathered in field studies
6. What does the word“arid”accomplish in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
a. It provides a sense of the generally high altitude of the West.
b. It signifies a change in subject from the Eastern United States to the West.
c. It clarifies the author’s purpose to discuss nonurban areas.
d. It clarifies the reason that trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas.
Keys:
1.a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. d
最后来看一篇书面表达。
目前环境遭到严重破坏，请写一封信呼吁大家保护环境。
A Letter of Appeal
Over the past years，we have witnessed destructions of various kinds caused by human actions. As a university student，write a letter to our society to
①enumerate present severe condition,
②state the necessity of social concern，and
③suggest the counter-measures.
To everyone on our planet,
Over the past years，floods，droughts，landslides，and dust-storms have frequented our planet，the only habitat of human beings. Several days ago，tsunami(海啸)has swept the Southeast Asia，which has caused enormous damage. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings.
The destruction which is caused by human beings has aroused people’s concern all over the world. If we pay no heed to the present destructive human activities，our planet will become of tomb instead of cozy home. What’s more，we should realize that only from our planet can we obtain our sheltering，food，cloth and so forth.
Counter-measures must be taken to curb the destruction caused by human beings. Most importantly，laws must be established to punish those who are involved in destructive conducts.
Sincerely Yours
Li Ming
编辑/孙栎栎
关注珍奇动物，强调人与大自然的和谐，是生态环保类文章在命题上的主打题材。本文命题突出命题形式的多样化，如推理题等。
It’s Not All Kangaroos Down There
People just naturally associate kangaroo，koala and fine beaches with Australia. Yes，you can find many fine sand beaches，white or brown，to enjoy the sunshine and seaside breeze. However，in Queensland，the eastern state of Australia，a night beach tour at this time of year may bring you a more exciting sight of the miracle of life: You can watch hatching baby turtles making their first steps in a natural environment.
On Mon Repos beach，about 14 kilometres east of the city of Bundaberg in Queensland，Australia，lies Mon Repos Conservation Park.
By day，Mon Repos beach is a sweeping bay of brown sand，a quiet spot for people to sunbathe，surf and fish.
By night，it’s home to the largest concentration of endangered marine turtles on the eastern Australian mainland. And the miracle of egg laying and hatching occurs from around mid-October to the end of April every year.
In order not to disturb the turtles，tourists have to follow the instruction of the guides.
But this may make the tour more like an adventure：Tourist are usually told to huddle close together，hold hands and walk close to the shoreline in the dark.
At the start of the season(October and November)，tourists can view turtles laying their eggs. Nature turtles first use all four flippers to dig a body pit in the sand and then lay eggs in it. It’s not uncommon for a turtle to lay more than 100 eggs at a time. And her mission isn’t done until she uses her flippers to flick sand and cover the nest.
If you go there at the end of the season(March to April)，you can see groups of hatchlings walk down to the water. It is an astonishing sight as the small creatures，barely two minutes old，race instinctively to the sea.
If they survive，the same hatchings will return in 50 years’ time to lay eggs on the very beach where they first emerged（出现）.
1. The first paragraph is intended to _________.
A. recommend the readers to have a holiday in Australia
B. give the readers an idea of the different sceneries of Australia
C. show that Australia has a variety of animals
D. draw the readers’ attention to the topic of this article
2. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. A turtle can usually lay 100 eggs at a time.
B. It’s quite dangerous for the tourists to watch the turtles at night by the seashore.
C. Turtles usually lay eggs when they are 50 years of age.
D. If you go to the beach in October，you can see turtles lay eggs.
解题关键
文章第一段通过介绍大家熟悉的内容以引起读者的兴趣，然后转入本文中心的介绍，详细叙述在澳大利亚海龟产卵、孵化等一系列生趣盎然的细节。理解本文的结构特点、理解作者的用意、准确捕捉特定细节并根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推理是做好本文的关键。
答案解析
1. D推理判断题。文章先从人们所熟知的关于澳大利亚的情况入手，然后引出大家不熟悉的内容，显然是想引起读者对文章内容的重视。
2. B细节理解题。文章提到游客要听从导游的指挥，在晚上手挽着手到海边看乌龟产卵非常“刺激”，但并非有危险。
Two
关注珍奇动物所面临的威胁，唤起人们的保护意识，是高考生态环保类文章在选材上的又一倾向。本文在命题上突出命题形式的多样化，特别注重对全文整体理解的考查以及题外内容的推理。
“The noise made by boats of whale watching tourists may be causing communication problems for the animals,”British researchers said last week. Whale-watching is a popular tourist activity in places where groups of killer whales(虎鲸)live. Every day，dozens of boats filled with tourists go to watch the beautiful animals. Unfortunately，the engines of the boats make a lot of noise，and that may be causing problems for the whales，according to a report in the US science magazine Nature.
The whales travel in groups，and communicate with each other through sonic (声波的)calls that some scientists refer to as singing. The sounds of the boat engines may be creating too much background noise for the whales to be able to hear each other.
The researchers listened to recordings of whale calls made between 15 and 25 years ago，before whale watching became popular. These were compared to more recent recordings.
They found that the animals have started to sing for longer than they used to，like a person shouting to a friend across a noisy room.
It is believed that the whales are trying to communicate hunting or breeding(繁殖)information. Scientists said that，if this is prevented，the future of the world’s whale population could be in danger.
“Animals become slow in mind and repeat themselves in noisy areas,”said Volker Deecke，a Canadian biologist.“They have to say things twice or three times in order to be understood.”
The killer whales studied were living off the coast of northwestern America. The number of killer whales in this area has been falling for several years，but scientists are not sure why.
1. The passage mainly tells us _______.
A. the problems of whale-watching
B. how killer whales communicate with each other
C. the reduced population of killer whales caused by whale-watching
D. hearing problems of the killer whales caused by whale-watching
2. Now in a noisy background，the killer whales have to _____.
A. sing in a louder voice B. sing longer
C. travel in smaller groups D. get nearer to each other
3. Scientists believe that killer whales sing to ______.
A. warn each other of dangers B. keep in the same group
C. send useful information D. enjoy themselves
4. From the passage，we can feel that the author is _____.
A. angry B. hopeful C. worried D. disappointed
解题关键
文章开门见山点明主题：观鲸船所产生的噪音对虎鲸交流造成了危害。然后介绍观鲸旅游的盛行和虎鲸交流方式，两者对照，观点鲜明，论证充分。抓住本文的主题，准确捕捉特定细节并根据文章所提供的信息进行合理推理是做好本文所设问题的关键。文章的第一段对文章起着关键的定位作用，因此大家应首先理解和把握好第一段的内容。
答案解析
1. D主旨归纳题。概括文章第一段可得出答案。观鲸船的噪音给虎鲸的信息交流造成了麻烦。A项所涉范围过大；B项仅仅是文章的细节；C项与原文信息不符，因为文章最后说明虎鲸数量下降的原因不明。
2. B细节理解题。文章第五段说明，因为受噪音干扰，现在虎鲸“唱”的时间比原来长。
3. C细节理解题。文章倒数第三段有说明，虎鲸的“唱歌”是为了交流捕食或繁殖信息。
4. C推理判断题。文章介绍观鲸船的噪音给虎鲸的交流造成了困难，从文章最后的叙述看，虎鲸数量在下降，而科学家也不明白其中原因，因此显然作者对虎鲸的生存状况感到“担忧”。
练习吧
(excerpt from Habitat Extension Bulletin distributed by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department)
Riparian vegetation [the green band of vegetation along a watercourse] can help stabilize stream banks; filter sediment from surface runoff; and provide wildlife habitat，livestock forage，and scenic value. Well-developed vegetation also allows bank soils to absorb extra water during spring runoff，releasing it later during drier months，thus improving late-summer stream flows.
In many parts of the arid West，trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas. Woody plants are very important as winter cover for many wildlife species，including upland game birds such as pheasants and turkeys. Often this winter cover is the greatest single factor limiting game bird populations. Woody vegetation also provides hiding cover and browse for many other species of birds and mammals，both game and nongame.
Dead trees(“snags”)are an integral part of streamside habitats and should be left standing whenever possible. Woodpeckers，nuthatches，brown creepers，and other birds eat the insects that decompose the wood. These insects usually pose no threat to nearby living trees. Occasionally a disease organism or misuse of pesticides will weaken or kill a stand of trees. If several trees in a small area begin to die，contact your local extension agent immediately.
1. What is the effect of the word choice“riparian”?
a. It gives the article an authoritative，scientific tone.
b. It causes confusion，since both streams and rivers could be viewed as riparian.
c. It seems condescending，as if the author was stooping to teach readers.
d. It misleads readers into thinking they are getting scientific information when they are not.
2. By listing the specific birds that live in riparian areas，the author conveys a sense of.
a. urgency on behalf of endangered species
b. the rich and varied life in such areas
c. his or her own importance as a scientific expert
d. poetic wonder over the variety found in nature
3. Assume that the author has done some other writing on this topic for a different audience. The other piece begins:“Remember the last time you walked along a stream? No doubt thick vegetation prevented easy progress.”What is the likely effect on the reader of this opening?
a. An aroused interest，due to the reference to the reader’s personal experience.
b. Resentment，due to being addressed so personally.
c. Loss of interest，because the opening line makes no attempt to draw the reader in.
d. Confusion，because not every reader has walked along a stream.
4. The main subject of the second paragraph of this passage is.
a. the types of birds that live in riparian areas
b. the effect of winter cover on water purity
c. the role of trees and shrubs in riparian areas
d. how winter cover affects game bird populations
5. Overall, the assertions of this passage seem to be based on.
a. rash opinion with little observation behind it
b. deeply held emotional convictions
c. fact derived from scientific literature
d. inconclusive evidence gathered in field studies
6. What does the word“arid”accomplish in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
a. It provides a sense of the generally high altitude of the West.
b. It signifies a change in subject from the Eastern United States to the West.
c. It clarifies the author’s purpose to discuss nonurban areas.
d. It clarifies the reason that trees and shrubs are found only in riparian areas.
Keys:
1.a 2. b 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. d
最后来看一篇书面表达。
目前环境遭到严重破坏，请写一封信呼吁大家保护环境。
A Letter of Appeal
Over the past years，we have witnessed destructions of various kinds caused by human actions. As a university student，write a letter to our society to
①enumerate present severe condition,
②state the necessity of social concern，and
③suggest the counter-measures.
To everyone on our planet,
Over the past years，floods，droughts，landslides，and dust-storms have frequented our planet，the only habitat of human beings. Several days ago，tsunami(海啸)has swept the Southeast Asia，which has caused enormous damage. All these have sounded an alarm to human beings.
The destruction which is caused by human beings has aroused people’s concern all over the world. If we pay no heed to the present destructive human activities，our planet will become of tomb instead of cozy home. What’s more，we should realize that only from our planet can we obtain our sheltering，food，cloth and so forth.
Counter-measures must be taken to curb the destruction caused by human beings. Most importantly，laws must be established to punish those who are involved in destructive conducts.
Sincerely Yours
Li Ming
编辑/孙栎栎