北京作为中国的首都城市是民族凝聚、国家整合的需要,也是历史上中华民族长期交往融合的必然结果。近代北京处于激烈变革的时代。首都的城市功能从封建帝都,转变为民国首都。随着城市功能的转变,都市近代化的进程,深刻影响着城市空间格局的发展变化,即由封闭转变为开放。其主要特点是:皇城禁苑被开辟为城市公共空间;近代交通的发展改变城市封闭结构;新兴商业中心的兴起改变城市商业街区的格局。 As the capital city of China, Beijing is in need of national cohesion and national integration. It is also the inevitable result of long-term Chinese people's historical integration in history. Modern Beijing is in an era of intense change. The capital's urban functions from the feudal imperial capital, into the capital of the Republic of China. With the transformation of urban functions, the process of urban modernization has a profound impact on the development and changes in urban spatial patterns, from closed to open. Its main features are: imperial imperial court was opened up for urban public space; the development of modern transportation to change the closed structure of the city; the rise of emerging business centers to change the pattern of urban commercial blocks.