论文部分内容阅读
以一年生盆栽‘春美/毛桃’(Amygdalus persica“Chunmei/Maotao”)为试材,研究了桃树枝条还田对土壤酚酸类物质、苦杏仁苷、微生物、酶活性和桃幼树生长的影响,以期为桃树枝条还田可行性提供依据。试验进行了以下处理:1.5 g·kg–1枝条剪碎还田处理、22.5 g·kg–1枝条剪碎还田处理、1.5 g·kg–1枝条浸提液还田处理、22.5 g·kg–1枝条浸提液还田处理,以无枝条添加为对照。运用固相萃取、高效液相色谱、生物高通量测序测定土壤自毒物质和微生物群落结构。结果表明:加量枝条(每1 kg土壤中枝条含量为22.5 g,相当于15倍的正常修剪量)还田剪碎处理和浸提液处理土壤中酚酸类物质和苦杏仁苷含量显著增加;土壤微生物群落结构改变,伞菌纲、毛筒腔菌属(Tubeufia)和银耳亚纲Cystofilobasidiaceae增多,真菌比例升高,细菌比例降低;土壤蔗糖酶活性始终显著高于对照,过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性处理前期显著高于对照,处理后期显著低于对照,加量枝条浸提液处理前期对土壤酶活性变化的影响大于加量枝条剪碎处理;桃幼树叶绿素含量、地径(苗木距离地面5 cm处的直径)生长量和净光合速率均显著低于对照,新梢停长期提前。常规还田量枝条(1.5 g·kg–1)处理对土壤酚酸类物质和土壤酶活性变化有影响,但对桃幼树生长无显著影响。由此可见,加量枝条还田会使土壤苦杏仁苷和酚酸类物质大量积累可能对桃树根系造成直接毒害,同时还改变了土壤微生物群落结构和土壤酶活性,间接抑制桃幼树的生长。
The annual potted plant ’Amygdalus persica’ (Chunmei / Maotao ’) was used to study the effects of peach branches returning to field on the contents of soil phenolic acids, amygdalin, microorganisms, enzyme activity and young tree growth In order to provide the basis for the feasibility of returning peach branches. The experiment was carried out as follows: 1.5 g · kg-1 shoots were cut and returned to field, 22.5 g · kg-1 shoots were cut and returned to field, 1.5 g · kg-1 shoots were treated in the field, 22.5 g · kg -1 branches leaching solution to field treatment, with no branches added as a control. Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography and biological high-throughput sequencing were used to determine the soil autotoxicity and microbial community structure. The results showed that the content of phenolic acids and amygdalin in the treated soil was significantly increased with the amount of shoots (22.5 g per 1 kg of soil, equivalent to 15 times the normal pruning amount) ; The structure of soil microbial community changed, the species of Actinomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae increased, the proportion of fungi increased and the proportion of bacteria decreased; the activity of soil invertase was always higher than that of control, catalase and Urease activity was significantly higher than the control early treatment, significantly lower than the control at the late treatment, the amount of branch extract pretreated soil enzyme activity changes greater than the increase of shoots; Shoots chlorophyll content, diameter (seedling distance Diameter at 5 cm above ground) growth and net photosynthetic rate were significantly lower than the control, the new shoot to stop long-term advance. Routine regrowth of branches (1.5 g · kg-1) affected the changes of soil phenolic acids and soil enzyme activities, but had no significant effect on the growth of young peach trees. Thus, adding a large amount of branches into the soil will cause the accumulation of soil amygdalin and phenolic acids may cause direct toxicity to peach roots, but also change the soil microbial community structure and soil enzyme activity, indirect inhibition of young trees Grow.