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我国以往桥梁的钢梁结构,都采用炭素钢。现在我国已生产16锰低合金钢,如果用于大跨度桥梁,可节约钢材20％左右,若再采用焊接以代替铆接,钢材的节约至少在30％以上。16锰低合金钢在我国条件下,冶炼成本与普通炭素钢相差极微,而且具有良好的焊接性能,因此,采用这种钢制造焊接桥梁,是最符合党的社会主义建设总路线的要求的,具有极大的政治意义和经济意义。为此,1959年铁道科学研究计划中确定有“16锰钢焊接桥梁的研究”专题项目。协作单位有兰州铁道学院、唐山铁道学院、铁道科学研究院和山海关桥梁厂、沈阳桥梁厂等。在本专题计划之下,今年第一季度,我们曾在北京建工部、建筑科学研究院进行了两片16锰低合金钢焊接梁的疲劳强度试验,提出了第一次的试验研究报告(见“16锰焊接梁疲劳研究的初步报告”,兰州铁道学院1959年5月)。7月间,我们又在铁道科学研究院结构试验室进行了两片较大尺寸的焊接梁的疲劳强度试验。一片是国产16锰低合金钢制成的;另一片是用苏联M16C炭素钢制成的(作比较用)。本文就是这次试验研究的报告。这次试验结果进一步证明:国产16锰低合金钢焊接梁能安全承受重型动力荷载,具有良好的韧性、塑性和疲劳强度,确实适合制造铁路焊接桥梁;我们的工厂自动焊接质量能够保证满足要求。通过以上的试验研究,为进一步开展大跨度16锰低合金钢焊接桥梁的研究和试制,奠定了有利的基础。
China’s previous bridge steel beam structure, all using carbon steel. Now China has produced 16 low manganese alloy steel, if used for long-span bridges, can save about 20% of steel, if welding instead of riveting, steel saving at least 30%. Under the condition of our country, the cost of smelting is quite different from that of ordinary carbon steel and has good welding performance. Therefore, the use of such steel to manufacture welded bridges is the most suitable for the general line of socialist construction of the party. It is of great political and economic significance. To this end, the 1959 railway scientific research plan to determine the “16 manganese steel welding bridge” project. Collaborative units Lanzhou Railway Institute, Tangshan Railway Institute, Institute of Railway Science and Shanhaiguan Bridge Factory, Shenyang Bridge Factory. Under this special plan, in the first quarter of this year, we conducted the fatigue strength test of two 16-mm low-alloy steel welded beams in Beijing Construction and Research Institute and the First Test Research Report See “Preliminary Report on Fatigue Studies of 16 Manganese Welding Beams,” Lanzhou Railway Institute, May 1959). In July, we conducted two more large-scale fatigue tests of welded beams at the Structural Research Laboratory of the Academy of Railway Science. One is made of domestic 16 manganese low alloy steel; the other is made of Soviet M16C carbon steel (for comparison purposes). This article is the report of this pilot study. The test result further proves that the domestic welded 16 Mn low alloy steel welded beam can safely bear the heavy dynamic load, has good toughness, ductility and fatigue strength, and is indeed suitable for manufacturing railway welded bridges. The welding quality of our factory can be guaranteed to meet the requirements. Through the above experimental research, laid a good foundation for further research and trial production of long-span 16-Mn low alloy steel welded bridges.