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氨基糖苷类抗生素是治疗对生命有威胁的尤其在危及宿主的革兰氏阴性菌感染的有力工具。一般认为,这些药物对许多革兰氏阳性球菌,特别是链球菌的作用,也是较强的。本类抗生素包括链霉素、新霉素、巴龙霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、艮他霉素、托普霉素、紫苏霉素和乙基紫苏霉素(见表一),后5种在其临床疗效上没有显著差别。氨基糖苷类抗生素的杀菌活性是由于药物穿过细胞膜的转运而又与核糖体中的一个或多个分子的特殊蛋白质形成不可逆结合的结果。
Aminoglycosides are potent tools for treating life-threatening Gram-negative infections, especially in the host. It is generally believed that the effect of these drugs on many Gram-positive cocci, especially Streptococcus, is also strong. The class of antibiotics includes streptomycin, neomycin, paromomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, imrimidex and ethylsorcycline (See Table 1), the latter 5 no significant difference in their clinical efficacy. The bactericidal activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics results from the irreversible binding of the drug to the specific proteins of one or more molecules in the ribosome due to the transport of the drug through the cell membrane.