目的探讨极低出生体重儿宫外生长迟缓的因素。方法回顾性分析2011年6月-2014年12月期间270例于湖南省妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房住院存活极低出生体重儿的病历资料;将患儿分组为宫外生长迟缓与非宫外生长迟缓。统计患儿宫外生长迟缓的相关影响因素。结果经单因素分析发现,出生胎龄、恢复出生体质量时间、开始肠内营养时间、出院口服热卡、出院日龄、宫内生长迟缓为影响患儿宫外生长迟缓的相关因素(P<0.05);经多因素分析发现,宫内生长迟缓(OR=9.479)、开始肠内营养时间晚(OR=3.798)、出院时口服热卡摄入少(OR=1.929)及恢复出生体质量时间长(OR=2.459)为影响患儿宫外生长迟缓的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论加强极低体重儿宫外生长迟缓相关危险因素的预防,积极规范营养支持,对极低体重儿的生长发育具有重要意义。 Objective To investigate the factors of extrauterine growth retardation in very low birth weight infants. Methods A retrospective analysis of 270 cases of neonatal intensive care unit in Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Hospital in June 2011 -2012 period of hospitalization for very low birth weight infants medical records; children were divided into ectopic growth retardation and non-palace Outside growth retardation. Statistical analysis of children with ectopic growth retardation related factors. Results By univariate analysis, it was found that the factors related to the ectopic growth retardation were the gestational age, the time of birth weight restoration, the time of enteral nutrition, the fever card after discharge, the age of discharge and the intrauterine growth retardation (P < 0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that intrauterine growth retardation (OR = 9.479), late enteral nutrition start (OR = 3.798), less oral caloric intake (OR = 1.929) and restoration of birth weight Long (OR = 2.459) was a risk factor for ectopic growth retardation in children (P <0.05). Conclusion It is of great significance to strengthen the prevention of the risk factors related to extra-uterine growth retardation of very low birth weight children and to actively regulate nutrition support for the growth and development of very low birth weight children.