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关于苏联向市场经济过渡的问题,大家议论纷纷。市场是一种社会历史现象,是在现实经济生活中逐渐形成的。市场是包罗万象的,既包括生活资料,也包括生产资料,既表现为货物的买卖,也表现为服务、证券以及某些具有商品价值的权利的交易。现在(指1991年9月)在苏联用卢布可以买到些什么?可以买到多少?价格如何?形形色色的商品之间的价格比例关系又如何?要回答这些问题,就必须比较全面地了解各类商品在苏联国内市场上的实际价格。为此我们把苏联的“中介服务”经记人公司于1991年9月初公布的一部分信息列举如下。(该经记人公司是俄罗斯商品-原料交易所、苏尔古特商品-原料交易所、莫斯科商品交易所、中央证券交易所、丘明商品证券交易所及全俄不动产交易所的成员。)
With regard to the question of the Soviet Union’s transition to a market economy, there have been many discussions. The market is a social and historical phenomenon that is gradually formed in the real economic life. The market is all-encompassing. It includes both living materials and means of production, both for the sale and purchase of goods and for the trading of services, securities, and certain rights of value. What can be bought now in the Soviet Union with the ruble (now September 1991)? How much can you buy, how is the price, how is the price proportional relationship between all kinds of goods? To answer these questions, you must understand each of them more comprehensively. The actual price of goods in the Soviet Union’s domestic market. To this end, we have listed some of the information published by the Soviet Union’s “Intermediary Service” dealer company in early September 1991 as follows. (The company is a member of the Russian Commodity-Material Exchange, Surgut Commodity-Material Exchange, Moscow Commodity Exchange, Central Stock Exchange, Chuming Commodities Exchange and All-Russian Real Estate Exchange.)