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目的:为了解东莞市5岁以下儿童死亡原因及特点,有效降低死亡率,以便于制定相应的干预措施,提高儿童的生存质量。方法:利用东莞市妇幼卫生信息直报网络收集的2004～2008年5岁以下儿童死亡数据,采用回顾性调查的方法按不同年份、不同地域(分常住人口、流动人口)导出到EXCEL数据表,用SPSS 10.0进行统计学分析。结果:自2004年以来,各年5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势,且流动人口死亡率明显高于常住人口;其死因顺位中,先天异常所占构成比逐年上升,而肺炎、腹泻死因有所下降,早产及出生窒息虽总体上有下降趋势,但仍是导致5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。结论:出生缺陷发生率逐年上升的现状,应引起包括医疗单位在内的社会各界的广泛关注,为保证我国的出生人口素质,除了做好孕期保健、出生缺陷三级预防等必要措施之外,社会各界应行动起来,为创造一个良好的人居环境共同努力,降低出生缺陷的发生。
Objective: To understand the causes and characteristics of death among children under 5 years of age in Dongguan City, and to reduce the mortality rate effectively in order to make corresponding interventions to improve children’s quality of life. Methods: The data of deaths of children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2008, collected from Dongguan MCH reporting network, were retrieved to EXCEL data tables according to different years and regions (sub-permanent residents and floating population) by retrospective survey. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 10.0. Results: Since 2004, the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age decreased year by year, and the mortality rate of floating population was significantly higher than that of resident population. The proportions of congenital anomalies in the cause of death increased year by year, while pneumonia and diarrhea Although the cause of death has declined, the overall incidence of premature birth and asphyxiation has been declining, but it is still the leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age. Conclusion: The incidence of birth defects increased year by year should arouse widespread concern in all sectors of society, including medical units. In order to ensure the quality of the birth population in our country, apart from the necessary measures such as tertiary prevention of birth defects and birth defects, All sectors of society should act in order to work together to create a good living environment and reduce the incidence of birth defects.