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目的了解曲靖市中小学生伤害发生现状和危险因素,为制定相应的干预措施预防和控制学生伤害事件的发生提供科学依据。方法于2010年4月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取曲靖市2所小学、2所中学共10 561名中小学生为调查对象,进行问卷调查,回顾性调查过去1年的伤害情况。采用非条件logistic回归分析影响伤害发生的危险因素。结果曲靖市中小学生伤害发生率为23.97%。男生伤害发生率(27.31%)高于女生(20.39%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=69.26,P<0.01)。小学、初中和高中学生伤害发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=126.434,P<0.01),初中生为伤害高发人群(31.06%)。居于前5位的伤害类型依次为跌落伤(22.59%)、碰撞伤(11.44%)、刀割伤(9.84%)、动物咬伤(4.52%)和烧烫伤(4.38%)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,初中生(OR=1.44,95%CI:1.26~1.64)、与母亲生活的学生(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.15~1.87)、母亲的民族为苗族的学生(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.20~6.43)更容易发生伤害事件;而女生(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.60~0.74)、父亲职业为工人(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.70~0.99)或农民(OR=0.82,95%CI:0.71~0.94)的学生、在家排行较小的学生(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.73~0.96)、年龄小的学生(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.03~1.07)相对不容易发生伤害事件。结论中小学生伤害发生率较高,伤害由多因素作用导致,与个人、家庭及学校环境危险因素有关。
Objective To understand the status quo and risk factors of primary and secondary school students injury in Qujing city and to provide a scientific basis for the development of appropriate interventions to prevent and control the occurrence of student injury cases. Methods In April 2010, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect 10 561 primary and secondary school students from 2 primary schools and 2 secondary schools in Qujing City. The questionnaires were used to investigate the injuries in the past year. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the injury. Results The incidence of primary and secondary school students in Qujing was 23.97%. The incidence of injury among boys (27.31%) was higher than that of girls (20.39%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 69.26, P <0.01). There were significant differences in the incidence of injuries among primary, middle and high school students (χ2 = 126.434, P <0.01), and junior high students (31.06%) with high injuries. Among the top five injuries, fall injuries (22.59%), collision injuries (11.44%), knife cuts (9.84%), animal bites (4.52%) and burns (4.38%) were the most common types of injuries. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.26-1.64) and mothers living with students (OR = 1.47,95% CI: 1.15-1.87) (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.60-0.74) and father’s occupation as worker (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.96), and younger students (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.73 ~ 0.96) , 95% CI: 1.03 ~ 1.07) is relatively not prone to injury. Conclusions Primary and secondary school students have a higher incidence of injuries and their injuries are caused by many factors, which are related to personal, family and school environmental risk factors.