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目的分析重庆市涪陵区托幼机构2岁~5岁儿童的麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎的抗体水平,为该区学龄前儿童的疾病防控提供科学依据。方法随机整群抽取涪陵区5个不同方位监测点1 051名托幼机构儿童全血,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎Ig G抗体,进行分析。结果 1 051名儿童中麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率分别为93.34%(981/1 051)、91.25%(959/1 051)、89.06%(936/1 051)。不同年龄组间麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为23.876、30.987、19.697,P<0.01);不同方位监测点间麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为26.862、19.593、68.404,P<0.01);城区和乡镇儿童间流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.926,P<0.01)。结论涪陵区托幼机构儿童麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率整体较高,相关疾病流行与暴发的风险较低,但仍需要重点关注较薄弱乡镇的疫苗接种工作,尤其应推广含流行性腮腺炎病毒成分疫苗的免疫接种。
Objective To analyze the antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps in children aged 2 to 5 years in kindergartens and nurseries in Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality to provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control of preschool children in this area. Methods A total of 1,051 pediatric whole blood samples from 5 nurturing sites in Fuling district were collected from randomized cluster analysis. The Ig G antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps in 1 051 children were 93.34% (981/1 051), 91.25% (959/1 051) and 89.06% (936/1 051), respectively. The positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps antibody among different age groups were statistically significant (χ2 = 23.876, 30.987, 19.697, respectively, P <0.01). Measles, rubella and mumps antibody (Χ2 = 26.862, 19.593, 68.404, respectively; P <0.01). The positive rate of mumps antibody between urban and rural children was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.926, P <0.01) . Conclusion The prevalence of measles, rubella and mumps antibody in children and nurseries in Fuling district is relatively high, and the risk of epidemics and outbreaks of related diseases is relatively low. However, vaccination should still be focused on the weaker towns and townships. In particular, immunization should be promoted Mumps virus component vaccine immunization.