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大量研究证明,血液中的某些免疫组分在对虾抗病和抗逆过程中发挥重要的调节作用,精确的估计这些性状的遗传参数,特别是遗传力和遗传相关,对开展遗传育种工作是非常重要的.本研究在控制条件下建立了中国对虾51个全同胞家系(分别是23个父本亲虾和51个母本亲虾的后代),并养殖到平均体重7.64g,每个家系随机取15尾满足条件的对虾抽取血液,在相同条件下测定了765尾对虾个体血清中的总蛋白浓度(PC)、氧合血蓝蛋白浓度(HC)、酚氧化酶(PO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等血液中与免疫相关性状的活性,并以最优线性无偏估计(BLUP)理论为基础,计算了上述6项免疫相关组分的估计遗传力、各个性状间的遗传相关和表型相关.结果显示,当中国对虾平均体重7.64g时,血清中上述6项免疫组分的正常含量分别是(153.88±1.65)mg/mL,(36.04±0.71)U/mL,(165.24±4.93)U/mL,(333.33±2.74)U/mL,(52.51±2.15)U/100mL和(61.68±2.61)U/100mL.并且雌雄中国对虾6种免疫相关组分间均不存在显著差异(P>0.05).6项血液免疫相关组分的遗传力估计值(h2)分别是0.00±0.13,0.09±0.22,0.03±0.20,0.30±0.20,0.63±0.32和0.39±0.25.对遗传参数剖分结果同时显示,在不同缸中隔离养殖对虾对家系间个体的影响很大,6项血液免疫相关组分除加性遗传以外的共同环境效应(c2)分别为0.10±0.06,0.20±0.11,0.21±0.10,0.00±0.00,0.02±0.01和0.04±0.01.本研究中,除SOD活性外,几乎所有其他性状间的遗传相关、环境相关和表型相关均为正.本研究结果表明,虽然中国对虾血液中某些免疫相关组分的遗传力估计值很低,但是大多数免疫性状通过选择育种能够得到改善,从而使选育群体抗病和抗逆能力整体水平得到提高.
Numerous studies have shown that certain immune components in the blood play an important regulatory role in the disease resistance and resistance of shrimp, and the genetic parameters of these traits are accurately estimated, especially the heritability and genetic correlation. The work on genetic breeding is Very important.This study established 51 full-sib families (23 offspring of parental and 51 mother-broodstock) of Penaeus chinensis under controlled conditions and was bred to an average body weight of 7.64 g, with each family Fifteen randomly selected shrimps were randomly selected to extract blood, and the total protein concentration (PC), oxyhemoglobin concentration (HC), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and other blood-related immune-related activity, and based on the optimal linear unbiased estimation (BLUP) theory, calculated the above 6 The results showed that when the average body weight of Chinese shrimp was 7.64g, the normal contents of the above six immune components in serum were (153.88 ± 1.65 ) mg / mL, (36.04 ± 0.71) U / mL, (165.24 ±) 4.93), U / mL, (333.33 ± 2.74) U / mL, (52.51 ± 2.15) U / 100mL and (61.68 ± 2.61) U / 100mL respectively. There was no significant difference between the six immune related components P> 0.05) .Evaluation of heritability of six components of blood-borne immune response was 0.00 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.22, 0.03 ± 0.20, 0.30 ± 0.20, 0.63 ± 0.32 and 0.39 ± 0.25, respectively. The results also showed that isolation of shrimp in different tanks had a great impact on individual individuals. The common environmental effects (c2) of the six components related to blood-borne immunity except additive genetic were 0.10 ± 0.06,0.20 ± 0.11, 0.21 ± 0.10, 0.00 ± 0.00, 0.02 ± 0.01, and 0.04 ± 0.01 In this study, almost all other traits, except for SOD activity, were genetically related and both environmental and phenotypic related were positive. The results of this study indicate that although The heritability estimates of some immune-related components in the blood of P. shrimp are very low, but most of the immune traits can be improved through selective breeding, resulting in improved overall disease resistance and resilience in breeding populations.