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一、主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋DO＋OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
2.We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so？他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
[巩固练习]
一、判断下列简单句的类型
1. The woman is singing now. ()
2. He gave her some apples. ()
3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()
4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()
5. I ask them to come tomorrow. ()
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词
1. 明天我将给我女儿买块手表。
I will buy _______ tomorrow.
2. 看，他们在唱歌和跳舞。
Look, they _______.
3. 这块蛋糕看上去很大。
The cake _______ very _______.
4. 安邀请她的朋友参加她的生日聚会。
Ann asked her friends _______ to her birthday party.
5. 我不会让你走。
I won’t _______ you _______.
三、按下列要求改写句子，每空一词
1. He gave me some rice. (改为同义句)
He gave _______.
2. “Sit down.” The teacher told me. (合并为一句)
The teacher told me .
3. The fish tastes nice. (就划线部分提问)
_______ the fish taste?
4. He would like you to help him. (改为一般疑问句)
he _______ you to help him?
5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. (改为同义句)
He cooked delicious food _______ me this morning.
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋DO＋OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
2.We will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so？他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
[巩固练习]
一、判断下列简单句的类型
1. The woman is singing now. ()
2. He gave her some apples. ()
3. All her other friends were now outside the door. ()
4. People eat fish and chips on the road. ()
5. I ask them to come tomorrow. ()
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词
1. 明天我将给我女儿买块手表。
I will buy _______ tomorrow.
2. 看，他们在唱歌和跳舞。
Look, they _______.
3. 这块蛋糕看上去很大。
The cake _______ very _______.
4. 安邀请她的朋友参加她的生日聚会。
Ann asked her friends _______ to her birthday party.
5. 我不会让你走。
I won’t _______ you _______.
三、按下列要求改写句子，每空一词
1. He gave me some rice. (改为同义句)
He gave _______.
2. “Sit down.” The teacher told me. (合并为一句)
The teacher told me .
3. The fish tastes nice. (就划线部分提问)
_______ the fish taste?
4. He would like you to help him. (改为一般疑问句)
he _______ you to help him?
5. He cooked me delicious food this morning. (改为同义句)
He cooked delicious food _______ me this morning.