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民初建立的包括国会在内的一整套民主共和制度是一种供给主导型的制度变迁,这种变迁模式的成败取决于提供制度变迁的权力主体是否具有权威和理想。这一制度第一供给主体是南京临时政府,他们有理想但缺少权威,第二供给主体是北京政府,他们有权威但无理想。国会作为民主政治生活中限制个人独裁、维护公民权利的根本措施,就无法成功地在中国运行。制度需求的缺失也是造成国会失败的原因之一,但不是主要原因。
The set of democratic republican system, including the parliament, established by the early Republic of China was a supply-led institutional change. The success or failure of this transitional mode depends on whether the main body of authority providing institutional change possesses authority and ideal. The first provider of this system is the interim government of Nanjing. They have ideals but lack of authority. The second provider is the Beijing government. They have authority but no ideals. As the fundamental measure to limit individual dictatorship and safeguard citizens’ rights in the life of democratic politics, the Congress can not successfully operate in China. The lack of institutional demand is also one of the reasons for the failure of the parliament, but not the main reason.