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目的了解SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中的存活规律,并研究氯和二氧化氯灭活SARS冠状病毒的效果,为切断SARS病毒的传播提供依据。方法采用SARS冠状病毒加标方法观察病毒在粪便、尿液及不同水体中的存活情况,采用次氯酸钠和二氧化氯消毒污水中的SARS冠状病毒,观察灭活病毒效果。结果加标的SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中的存活情况随温度而异,20℃避光条件下在医院污水、生活污水和脱氯自来水中只能存活2d,在粪便中可以存活3d,在生理盐水中可以存活14d,在尿液中可以存活17d;4℃情况下,SARS冠状病毒在上述各种水体中均可以存活14d以上,在粪尿中可以存活17d以上。SARS冠状病毒在污水中对消毒剂的抵抗力比大肠杆菌及f2噬菌体都低,在相同加氯量或余氯量情况下,氯制剂对SARS冠状病毒的灭活效果优于二氧化氯。当污水中游离余氯量保持在0.5mg/L(氯制剂)或2.19mg/L(二氧化氯)以上时可以保证完全灭活污水中的SARS冠状病毒,但对大肠杆菌和f2噬菌体则不能完全灭活。结论SARS冠状病毒在体外环境中存活时间短,对氯和二氧化氯敏感。
Objective To understand the survival of SARS coronavirus in vitro and to study the effect of inactivation of SARS coronavirus with chlorine and chlorine dioxide to provide basis for cutting off the spread of SARS virus. Methods The virus was stained by SARS coronavirus in the feces, urine and different water samples. The virus was disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide to disinfect the SARS coronavirus. Results Survival of spiked SARS coronavirus in vitro was dependent on temperature. Under the dark at 20 ℃, it could only survive for 2 days in hospital sewage, domestic sewage and dechlorination tap water, 3d in feces, Which can survive for 14 days in urine and 17 days in urine. Under the condition of 4 ℃, SARS coronavirus can survive more than 14 days in all kinds of water bodies mentioned above and can survive for more than 17 days in excrement and urine. SARS coronavirus in sewage disinfectant resistance than Escherichia coli and f2 phage are low, in the same amount of chlorine or residual chlorine cases, chlorine preparations on the SARS coronavirus inactivation better than chlorine dioxide. SARS coronavirus can be completely inactivated when the amount of residual free chlorine in the effluent is above 0.5 mg / L (Chloride) or 2.19 mg / L (Chlorine Dioxide), but not to Escherichia coli and f2 phage Completely inactivated. Conclusion The SARS coronavirus has short survival time in vitro and is sensitive to chlorine and chlorine dioxide.