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为掌握某机车制造企业电焊工人作业环境及健康状况,为企业制定健康监护策略提供依据,本研究对青岛市某企业工作场所中有毒有害物质和电焊工人职业健康进行监护。选择不接触电焊作业及其他职业病危害因素的管理人员作为对照,对健康监护资料进行对比分析。检测结果显示,电焊烟尘样本超标率为18.18%(6/33),噪声作业点样本超标率为22.41%(13/58)。电焊烟尘调查组自觉症状头痛头晕(9.76%)、眼部不适(5.98%)、失眠多梦(8.03%)、四肢酸痛(2.99%)和听力下降(7.40%)等症状发生率均明显高于对照组(分别为3.62%、1.55%、4.31%、1.21%和2.76%);听力异常(24.41%)及肺部影像学异常改变(2.52%)的发生率均明显高于对照组(2.41%、0.34%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着工龄的延长,这些异常改变均有增加的趋势。电焊作业环境的职业病危害状况较为严重,应及时采取切实有效的综合防治措施。
In order to grasp the working environment and health status of welders in a locomotive manufacturing enterprise and provide basis for enterprises to formulate health guardianship strategies, this study supervised the occupational health of toxic and hazardous substances and welders in the workplace of a certain enterprise in Qingdao. Select do not touch welding operations and other occupational hazards of managers as a control, health monitoring data for comparative analysis. The test results show that the over-standard rate of welding dust samples is 18.18% (6/33), and the over-standard rate of noise spot samples is 22.41% (13/58). The symptoms of headache, dizziness (9.76%), eye discomfort (5.98%), insomnia and more dreams (8.03%), limb pain (2.99%) and hearing loss (7.40%) were significantly higher in the group (3.62%, 1.55%, 4.31%, 1.21% and 2.76% respectively). The incidence of abnormal hearing (24.41%) and abnormal lung imaging (2.52%) were significantly higher in the control group (2.41% , 0.34%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), and with the extension of service life, these abnormal changes have an increasing trend. Occupational hazards in the welding environment are more serious and should be promptly taken effective and comprehensive prevention and control measures.