在城镇化和农村人口减少的背景下,中国农村地区大量学校撤并,如何优化学校布局成为研究的重点。2008年原建设部发布了农村学校的最小和最大学生规模标准,但该标准对学校布局的影响尚缺乏研究。本文在包含最大距离约束的P-中值模型中增加了学校规模约束,构建了学校布局优化模型,并以北京延庆区小学布局为例,采用分支界定算法进行了求解。结果表明:实施学校规模标准化对学校优化选址有显著的影响,在优化模型中加入学校规模约束后,有65.22%的学校位置发生了改变,呈更加分散型布局;但在乡镇尺度下考察,学校的空间格局则基本未发生变化;学校规模标准化带来的距离增长较小,平均每个学生上学距离仅增长了135 m。并根据结果进一步讨论了研究结果对学校布局优化的政策启示。 Against the background of urbanization and rural population reduction, a large number of schools in rural areas of China are merged and how to optimize school layout has become the focus of the study. In 2008, the former Ministry of Construction issued the minimum and maximum student size standards for rural schools, but the impact of this standard on the school layout is still lacking in research. In this paper, the school size constraint is added to the P-median model including the maximum distance constraint, and the school layout optimization model is constructed. Taking the elementary school layout in Yanqing District of Beijing as an example, this paper uses the branch definition algorithm to solve the problem. The results showed that: the implementation of school-scale standardization has a significant impact on the school site optimization. After the school-scale constraints have been incorporated into the optimization model, 65.22% of the school locations have been changed to more decentralized layouts; however, under the township standard, The spatial pattern of the school basically remained unchanged. The standardization of school scale brought about a small increase in the distance. On average, the distance to school for each student increased by only 135 m. According to the results, the policy implications of the research results on school layout optimization are further discussed.