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本文详细阐述了中国和越南4个村蔬菜生产中的肥料施用情况,概述了施用肥料的种类、施用时间和施用数量。评价了影响肥料施用的因素,比较了施肥量和蔬菜从土壤中带出的养分量。在研究区域,农户施用了50多种肥料,施氮量间于0~700kg/hm2。肥料施用时间因蔬菜种类和地区不同而不同。氮的施用量主要受作物种类影响。大部分中国蔬菜的氮、磷施用量过大,而钾肥施用量不足;相对而言,越南蔬菜的局部养分平衡比中国的情况好一些。因此,局部的养分平衡显示了不同蔬菜种类、不同季节和不同村社的养分投入量和养分输出量有很大区别。
This paper elaborates on the application of fertilizers in vegetable production in four villages of China and Vietnam, and gives an overview of the types of fertilizer applied, the timing and amount of application. The factors influencing fertilizer application were evaluated, and the amount of fertilizer applied and the amount of nutrients taken out of the soil by the vegetables were compared. In the study area, more than 50 kinds of fertilizers were applied by farmers, and nitrogen application rates ranged from 0 to 700 kg / hm2. Fertilizer application time varies depending on the type of vegetables and regions. The amount of nitrogen applied is mainly affected by crop type. Most Chinese vegetables use too much nitrogen and phosphorus, while potassium is insufficient. In contrast, the local nutrient balance of Vietnamese vegetables is better than that of China. Therefore, the local nutrient balance shows different types of vegetables, different seasons and different village community nutrient input and nutrient output are very different.