采用海水、河口水与淡水及简易设施开展室内封闭式高密度对虾养殖试验,探讨了盐度对虾生长与氮磷收支的影响。结果表明,100 d养殖试验中,未曾换水与用药,养殖试验池主要水质指标虽有程度不等差异,但均控制在对虾生长安全范围。3个试验组对虾成活率随盐度降低分别显著下降88.2%、53.9%和34.8%,(P<0.05);终末体重,河口水组(9.20 g)显著高于海水组(8.49 g)和淡水组(8.45 g)(P<0.05);单位水体产量随盐度降低极显著下降2 443.52、1 597.50和659.52 g.m-3(P<0.01)。试验池氮、磷收支估算结果显示:各试验组氮磷主要收与支的同类项所占比例较接近,特点相同,投入饲料氮与磷分别占氮与磷总收入98.9%、98.1%、96.4%与99.3%、98.9%、97.9%,水层与虾苗共含氮与磷分别占1.1%、2.0%、3.7%与0.7%、1.1%、2.1%;排污、不换水水泥池水层氮占氮总输出比例最高,略高于虾体;污水磷占磷总输出比例明显高于其余项,此不同于泥底虾塘为沉积物氮、磷占氮、磷总输出的比例最高。试验池水层与污水共含氮与磷分别占氮与磷总输出57.7%、61.3%、57.2%与67.9%、66.7%、73.3%,低于虾塘泥底沉积物与水层合计氮与磷占总氮与总磷输出比例;收获虾体氮、磷占氮、磷总输出:35.3%、34.5%、34.4%与19.3%、18.9%、19.0%,饲料利用转化率较好;池水蒸发渗漏与池壁吸附等损失输出氮、磷占氮、磷总输出:7.0%、4.2%、8.5%与12.8%、14.3%、7.6%。 The indoor closed type high-density shrimp culture experiment was conducted with seawater, estuarine water, freshwater and simple facilities, and the effects of salinity on shrimp growth and nitrogen and phosphorus balance were discussed. The results showed that the main water quality indexes of aquaculture test ponds varied notably with no water change and medication in the 100 d aquaculture experiment, but they all controlled the range of growth safety of shrimp. The survival rate of shrimp in the three experimental groups decreased significantly by 88.2%, 53.9% and 34.8%, respectively (P <0.05), while the final body weight in the estuary water group (9.20 g) was significantly higher than that in the seawater group Freshwater group (8.45 g) (P <0.05). The unit yield of water body significantly decreased by 2 443.52,1 597.50 and 659.52 gm-3 (P <0.01) as the salinity decreased. The test results of nitrogen and phosphorus balance of experimental ponds show that the proportion of similar species of main nitrogen and phosphorus branches and branches in each experimental group is similar and the characteristics are the same. The total nitrogen and phosphorus inputs of feedstuffs respectively accounted for 98.9% and 98.1% 96.4% and 99.3%, 98.9% and 97.9% respectively. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in water layer and shrimp seedlings accounted for 1.1%, 2.0%, 3.7% and 0.7%, 1.1% and 2.1% Nitrogen accounted for the highest proportion of the total output of nitrogen, slightly higher than the shrimp body; sewage phosphorus was significantly higher than the total output of phosphorus than the rest, which is different from mud bottom shrimp ponds for sediment nitrogen, phosphorus accounted for the highest total nitrogen, phosphorus output. Total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water layer and sewage of the test pond accounted for 57.7%, 61.3%, 57.2% and 67.9%, 66.7% and 73.3% of the total output of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, lower than the sum of nitrogen and phosphorus The total output of nitrogen and phosphorus in the shrimp body accounted for 35.3%, 34.5%, 34.4% and 19.3%, 18.9% and 19.0% of total nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, and the feed conversion rate was good. The water evaporation Drainage and wall adsorption Loss of output Nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen, phosphorus Total output: 7.0%, 4.2%, 8.5% and 12.8%, 14.3%, 7.6%.