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林冠作为森林与外界环境相互作用最直接和最活跃的关键生态界面,承载了森林生物多样性的主体,在生物多样性的形成与维持以及生态系统功能过程中发挥着重要的作用,被称为地球的“第八大洲”。同时,林冠对气候变化和人为干扰高度敏感,在人类活动和全球气候变化加剧的背景下,森林生态系统正面临着严重的威胁,首当其冲的就是森林冠层。气候变化下的林冠生物多样性保护与可持续利用已成为现代生态学研究的热点问题,受到森林生态学、气候学、环境科学等研究领域的学者越来越多的关注。据此,中国生物多样性监测与研究网络以网络内拥有森林冠层塔吊的生物多样性监测样地为平台,建立了林冠生物多样性监测专项网。该专项网将参照国际标准,统一监测指标,规范监测标准,通过大尺度地带性森林冠层内植物(包括附生种子植物和附生孢子植物)多样性、动物多样性、微生物多样性及其动态变化的长期监测,结合林冠小气候环境特征监测,建立林冠小环境特征、植物多样性、节肢动物多样性和微生物多样性等4个动态更新的数据库,以阐明我国典型森林林冠生物多样性变化的规律,揭示其对森林生态系统功能过程的影响和对全球变化的响应。
As the most direct and active key ecological interface of the interaction between the forest and the external environment, the forest canopy hosts the main body of forest biodiversity and plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of biodiversity and the ecosystem function. It is called Earth’s “eighth continent”. At the same time, canopies are highly sensitive to climate change and human-induced disturbance. Under the background of intensified human activities and global climate change, forest ecosystems are facing serious threats. Foremost is the forest canopy. The conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in canopy under climate change has become a hot issue in the field of modern ecology and is receiving more and more attention from scholars in such fields as forest ecology, climatology and environmental science. As a result, the China Biodiversity Monitoring and Research Network has set up a monitoring network for biodiversity monitoring of canopy based on the platform for monitoring the biodiversity of the forest canopy crane within the network. The special network will, in accordance with international standards, unify monitoring indicators and standardize monitoring standards. Based on the diversity of large-scale canopy-cover plants (including epiphytic and epiphytic plants), animal diversity, microbial diversity and their Dynamic monitoring and long-term monitoring of microclimate of canopy, four dynamic update databases of microclimate, canopy diversity, arthropod diversity and microbial diversity were set up to monitor the changes of biodiversity in typical canopy forests in China. The law reveals its impact on the functioning of forest ecosystems and its response to global change.