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肠神经系统(enteric nervous system，ENS)主要起源于神经嵴细胞(neural crest cells，NCCs)，是周围神经系统的最大组成部分。虽然它与中枢神经系统一同调控许多胃肠道功能，但ENS也可以独立于中枢神经系统发挥作用。ENS发育的主要过程包括：神经嵴细胞离开神经管侵入发育中的肠道，并在其中增殖、定向迁移、向神经元和胶质细胞分化等。本综述总结了ENS发育的概况，重点关注最近在神经嵴细胞增殖、迁移、分化相关分子机制方面的研究进展。“,”Enteric nervous system (ENS), originating predominantly from neural crest cells (NCCs), is one of the largest component of peripheral nervous system. Although it operates along with central nervous system (CNS) to control numerous gastrointestinal functions, ENS may function independently from CNS. The development of ENS involves invasion of foregut by NCCs and their coordinated proliferation, directional movement and differentiation into neurons and glia. This review summarizes our current understanding of ENS development, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms of migration of NCCs along gut.