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目的:研究短跑训练对运动员跟腱的影响。方法:选择从事运动训练4-6年的健康男、女短跑运动员为实验组(n=12),同时选同龄健康非运动员男、女为对照组(n=12),采用高频超声检测平静状态跟腱长度、横截面积,以及小腿三头肌等长收缩最大力量跖屈跟腱长度的变化。结果:跟腱长度:对照组男子168.5±9.2mm,女子162.4±9.8mm,实验组男子170.9±10.7mm,女子164.0±7.0mm。实验组和对照组组内、组间差别均无统计学意义。跟腱横截面积:对照组男子62.2±6.2mm2,女子47.1±4.5mm2,实验组男子65.6±2.9mm2,女子49.6±1.9mm2。同组内男子比女子跟腱横截面积大,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),但实验组和对照组组间差别无统计学意义。小腿三头肌等长收缩最大力跖屈时跟腱拉长值:对照组男子7.6±3.6mm,女子4.9±2.8mm,实验组男子11.1±2.9mm,女子7.9±3.1mm。男子比女子跟腱拉长值大、实验组比对照组拉长值大,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:短跑训练可增加跟腱可拉伸长度,跟腱的长度和横截面积未发生明显变化。高频超声可作为重要的测量手段用于人体跟腱的研究。
Objective: To study the effect of sprint training on athlete Achilles tendon. Methods: Healthy male and female sprinters who participated in sports training for 4-6 years were selected as experimental group (n = 12), male and female healthy non-athletes of same age were selected as control group (n = 12) The length of the Achilles tendon, the cross-sectional area, and the variation of the plantar flexor Achilles tendon length at the maximum strength of triceps tensor. Results: Achilles tendon length was 168.5 ± 9.2 mm in the control group, 162.4 ± 9.8 mm in the female group, 170.9 ± 10.7 mm in the experimental group and 164.0 ± 7.0 mm in the female group. The difference between the experimental group and the control group was not statistically significant. Achilles tendon cross-sectional area: 62.2 ± 6.2mm2 in the control group, 47.1 ± 4.5mm2 in the female, 65.6 ± 2.9mm2 in the experimental group and 49.6 ± 1.9mm2 in the female. The same group of men than women Achilles tendon cross-sectional area, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The maxillary force of plantar flexion of the triceps muscle of the lower leg was as follows: the control group was 7.6 ± 3.6 mm for men, 4.9 ± 2.8 mm for women, 11.1 ± 2.9 mm for men in the experimental group and 7.9 ± 3.1 mm for women. Men than women tendon elongated value, the experimental group than the control group elongated value, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Sprint training can increase the tensile length of Achilles tendon, Achilles tendon length and cross-sectional area did not change significantly. High-frequency ultrasound can be used as an important measurement method for the study of human Achilles tendon.