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分析来源于不同产地的刺槐群体生长和遗传多样性,以期了解刺槐在中国的地理变异模式,为其良种选育和栽培利用提供参考。用全国19个刺槐产地种子育苗,在河北保定营建对比试验林,对其生长性状进行调查分析,并对19个群体共570个样本进行SSR标记分析。对5年生试验林的调查结果表明,19个刺槐群体间在存活率、树高和胸径上均表现为显著差异,存活率为53.33%~83.33%,树高区间为5.65~6.61 m,胸径为4.28~5.48 cm。不同产地的群体间生长性状存在显著差异,表现为以试验林栽植地区为中心向外辐射,距离试验地点越远的群体,存活率和生长量越低,表明刺槐在生长性状上形成地理变异,具有丰富的遗传多样性。SSR分析表明,总的基因多样性(H_T)的变化幅度为0.5154~0.7569,遗传分化系数(G_(ST))平均值为0.0128,种群间的变异只占1.28%,绝大部分变异存在于种群内。19个刺槐群体的有效等位基因数、预期杂合度和观测杂合度均表现为由北向南增加趋势。群体的生长指标和SSR遗传参数与产地地理因素显著相关;树木存活率和遗传参数显著相关。试验结果表明,来自不同产地刺槐群体遗传多样性丰富,已初步形成地理变异,表现为产地距离试验地点越远的群体,存活率和生长量越低;受纬度和年均温的影响,群体遗传参数均表现为由北向南增加的趋势。
This paper analyzed the population growth and genetic diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia from different habitats in order to understand the geographical variation pattern of Robinia pseudoacacia in China and provide references for its breeding and utilization. A total of 19 locust seedlings from 19 locusts in China were used for seedling establishment. A comparative test forest was set up in Baoding, Hebei Province. The growth traits were investigated and analyzed. A total of 570 samples from 19 populations were analyzed by SSR markers. The results of 5-year-old pilot plantations showed that the 19 locust populations showed significant differences in survival rate, tree height and DBH with survival rates ranging from 53.33% to 83.33%, tree height ranges from 5.65 to 6.61 m, DBH 4.28 ~ 5.48 cm. There were significant differences in the growth traits among populations from different habitats. The results showed that the population from the experimental forest planting area was radiated outward. The survival rate and the growth rate of the populations farther away from the experimental site showed that the locusts formed geographical variation in the growth traits, Has a rich genetic diversity. SSR analysis showed that the variation range of total gene diversity (H_T) was 0.5154 ~ 0.7569, the average genetic differentiation coefficient (G_ (ST)) was 0.0128, and the variation among the populations only accounted for 1.28%. Most of the variance existed in the population Inside. The effective number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity of 19 Robinia pseudoacacia populations all showed an increasing trend from north to south. Population growth and SSR genetic parameters were significantly correlated with geographical factors of origin. The tree survival rate was significantly correlated with genetic parameters. The results showed that the populations of Robinia pseudoacacia from different habitats were rich in genetic diversity and had initially formed the geographical variation. The population with the farther away from the test site had lower survival rate and growth rate. Due to the influence of latitude and annual average temperature, The parameters all show an increasing trend from north to south.