马克思继承和超越了德国古典哲学对主客体关系的理解。一方面,现实的个人是通过社会历史的发展直观自身的本质对象。由于对象是人实践创造的外化物,主体的需要构成主体对象性关系的桥梁,因此需要主体本身就具有社会性。另一方面,价值是社会发展中可通约的关系性存在。因此,构成价值基础的需要只能是主体的社会需要,而不可能是其生物性与特殊性需要。正确理解需要概念对于惩治腐败、化解生态危机以及贫富分化问题都有巨大的启示。 Marx inherits and surpasses the understanding of the relationship between subject and object in the classical German philosophy. On the one hand, the realistic individual is the object of his own intuition through the development of social history. Because the object is the externalization created by human practice, the need of the subject forms a bridge between the sexual relations of the subject and the subject itself needs to be social. On the other hand, value is a universally accessible relational existence in social development. Therefore, the needs that form the basis of value can only be the social needs of the subject, but not the biological and peculiar needs. Correct understanding of the concept of need has great implications for punishing corruption, resolving the ecological crisis and separating the rich from the poor.