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人的直肠部有三个主要静脉,即上、中、下直肠静脉。上直肠静脉与门静脉系统相连,中、下直肠静脉直接与下腔静脉相连,因此药物在直肠下部吸收后可直接进入全身循环系统,从而避免了“肝首过消除效应”。(hepatic first-pass elimination)。用肝高清除药(hepatic high-clearance drug)利多卡因对志愿者试验,以口服、直肠和静脉给药法用药,结果是直肠给药的利用度较口服给药的利用度增加100%。
The human rectum has three main veins, namely, upper, middle and lower rectal veins. The upper rectal vein is connected with the portal vein system. The middle and lower rectal veins are directly connected with the inferior vena cava. Therefore, the drug can directly enter the systemic circulation system after absorption in the lower rectum, thus avoiding the “first pass elimination effect of the liver.” (hepatic first-pass elimination). In a volunteer trial of lidocaine with hepatic high-clearance drug, oral, rectal and intravenous administration resulted in a 100% increase in rectal availability over oral administration.