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Himawari-8(向日葵8号)静止气象卫星具有高空间分辨率、高观测频次和高时效特点,在草原火灾监测具有很强优势。提出利用Himawari-8数据的自适应阈值火点监测算法,并以2016年4月内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市边界境外草原火灾为例,重点利用19~20日的22个小时期间的132个时次Himawari-8数据,对火情进行连续动态监测。结果显示,本次火灾共持续22 h,过火区域约1 500km2,火点像元最长持续时间约6 h。通过分析多时次连续观测影像和火点信息可知,火场在一段时间内从西向东的蔓延速度为5.4 km/h,达到急进地表火程度。分析表明,Himawari-8的10 min一次密集观测频次可实现快速获取火点位置、面积、温度等火情信息。可跟踪火场动态发展变化,估算火场蔓延速度和方向以及确定火场类型,提高卫星遥感草原火监测和预警能力。
Himawari-8 (Sunflower 8) stationary weather satellites with high spatial resolution, high observation frequency and high efficiency characteristics, in the grassland fire monitoring has a strong advantage. In this paper, an adaptive threshold fire detection algorithm using Himawari-8 data was proposed. Taking the grassland fire outside Hulun Buir in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example in April 2016, 132 Himawari- 8 data, continuous dynamic monitoring of the fire. The results show that the fire lasts for 22 hours, the fire area is about 1500km2, and the longest duration of fire pixel is about 6 hours. By analyzing the images and fire information of continuous observation for many times, the fire spread from west to east over a period of time was 5.4 km / h, reaching the extent of surface fire. Analysis shows that Himawari-8 10 min intensive observation frequency can quickly obtain fire location, area, temperature and other fire information. It can track the dynamic development and changes of the fire scene, estimate the speed and direction of the fire scene, determine the type of the fire field, and improve the capability of satellite remote sensing grassland fire monitoring and early warning.