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为了确定容器和设备的承载能力,广泛应用以刚塑性物体为基础的极限平衡法。当计算比较简单的薄板结构和封闭圆柱型壳体时,此法能够得到供计算极限载荷用的简单解析式。对于形状较为复杂的壳体,当很难确定出可能的破坏状况时,如果应用极限平衡法,就将导致繁重的计算。此外,对于大多数材料来说,变形的真实图形实际上不同于普朗特尔图形,而极限平衡法则是以普朗特尔图形为基础的。为了克服所指出的困难,使用逐步加载法是合理的,该法是以结构应力-应变状态的弹塑性计算为依据的。绘出结构的工作曲线图,即位移与载荷的关系图,这样就可以确定出某个载荷,在该载荷下,与曲线相切的切线近似于水平线,这就相应于极限承载能力。
In order to determine the carrying capacity of containers and equipment, the limit equilibrium method based on rigid plastic objects is widely used. When the calculation of relatively simple sheet metal structure and closed cylindrical shell, this method can be used to calculate the ultimate load with a simple analytic formula. For the more complex shape of the shell, when it is difficult to determine the possible damage, if the limit equilibrium method, it will lead to heavy calculations. In addition, for most materials, the true shape of the deformation is actually different from Plantel’s and the law of limit equilibrium is based on Plantel. In order to overcome the indicated difficulties, it is reasonable to use a stepwise loading method that is based on the elasto-plastic calculation of the structural stress-strain state. Draw the working curve of the structure, that is, the relationship between displacement and load, so that you can determine a load under which the tangential tangent to the curve approximates the horizontal, which corresponds to the ultimate load carrying capacity.