Seminatural grasslands provide habitats for various species and are important for biodiversity conservation.The understanding of the diverse responses of species and traits to different grassland management methods is therefore urgently needed.We disentangled the role of grassland management (fertilization and irrigation),vegetation structure (biomass,sward height) and plant quality (protein and fiber content) for Orthoptera communities in lowland hay meadows in Germany.We found vegetation structure to be the most important environmental category in explaining community structure of Orthoptera (species richness,total individuals,functional diversity and species composition).Intensively used meadows (fertilized,irrigated,high plant biomass) were characterized by assemblages with few species,low functional diversity,and low conservation value.Thereby,the relatively moderate fertilizer inputs in our study system of up to ～75 kg N/ha/year reduced functional diversity of Orthoptera,while this negative effect of fertilization was not detectable when solely considering taxonomic aspects.We found strong support for a prominent role of plant quality in shaping Orthoptera communities and especially the trait composition.Our findings demonstrate the usefulness of considering both taxonomic and functional components (functional diversity) in biodiversity research and we suggest a stronger involvement of plant quality measures in Orthoptera studies.