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目的 了解医院感染的临床流行病学特征。方法 对 1992～ 1998年 7810 9例住院患者中发生医院感染的 4330例患者进行临床流行病学分析。结果 医院感染率为 5 .5 5 % ,低于全国平均水平 8.40 % ;1992～ 1994年医院感染率 (7.47% )高于 1995～ 1998年 (4 .38% ) ,差异有显著意义 (u=18.32 ,P<0 .0 1) ;老年病科医院感染率最高 (2 7.5 3% ) ,妇产科第 2 (12 .5 4% ) ,眼科最低 (1.5 3% ) ;感染部位以呼吸道为主 (6 4.2 0 % ) ;病原菌 G-杆菌(5 4.44 % )多于 G+球菌 (4 0 .38% )。结论 医院感染的主要部位是呼吸道 ,病原菌以 G-杆菌多见 ;强化控制医院感染预防监测措施 ,加强对住院患者及病房的系统管理 ,对降低医院感染效果显著
Objective To understand the clinical epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infections. Methods The clinical epidemiological analysis of 4330 patients with nosocomial infections in 78,109 inpatients from 1992 to 1998 was performed. Results The hospital infection rate was 5.55%, lower than the national average of 8.40%. The hospital infection rate (7.47%) in 1992-1994 was higher than that in 1995-1998 (4.38%), with significant difference (u = 18.32, P <0.01). The infection rate of the geriatric hospital was the highest (2. 7.53%), the obstetrics and gynecology department was the second (12.54%) and the ophthalmology was the lowest (1.53%). The main pathogen (4.220%) was G-bacteria (5.44%) than G + (40.38%). Conclusions The main part of nosocomial infection is respiratory tract, and the pathogen is more common with G-bacilli. Strengthens the control measures of nosocomial infection prevention and surveillance, strengthens systematic management of inpatients and ward and has significant effect on reducing nosocomial infection