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为了给合理施肥与面源污染防治提供科学依据,以玉米为试材,试验设4个处理,研究了旱地红壤长期施肥养分在剖面中的下移特征和作物产量效应。结果表明长期施用N、P肥和有机肥显著增加0~20 cm碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量;N与P或有机肥配施明显减少20~60 cm碱解氮含量,60~80 cm碱解氮含量差异较小;P与有机肥配施减少20~40 cm速效磷含量;40~60 cm速效磷含量差异极小;40 cm以下速效钾差异不明显,有机质60~80 cm以下无差异。低产红壤经28年改良培肥,生产性能达到中上等肥力水平。长期施N和NP,玉米籽粒分别在第8、24年绝收,NMP处理比NP处理显著增产。
In order to provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization and non-point source pollution prevention and control, four treatments were set up to study the down-shifting characteristics and crop yield effects of long-term fertilization on red soil profiles. The results showed that the N, P and organic fertilizers significantly increased the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter by 0 ~ 20 cm in the long-term. N and P or organic fertilizer significantly reduced the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by 20 ~ 60 cm, ~ 80 cm, and there was little difference in the content of available nitrogen in the soil between 40 cm and 60 cm. There was no significant difference in available phosphorus content between 40 cm and 60 cm No difference below cm. Low-yielding red soils improved their fertility after 28 years of cultivation, and their performance reached the level of middle-high fertility. Long-term application of N and NP, corn kernels respectively in the 8th and 24th annual, NMP treatment significantly increased yield than NP treatment.