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初中物理教材介绍了17世纪40年代意大利科学家托里拆利做的著名的“托里拆利实验”。教师必须正确、熟练地做好这节课的演示实验、但是,我们在多年的教学过程中,发现演示该实验有以下两点困难。 (1)学校实验室现配备的“托里拆利管”口径很小,水银的灌入和取出不容易,课堂上演示所花费的时间较长。(2)学校实验室配备的水银量有限,灌入和取出水银时,容易使水银掉在地面上,且不容易拾起收回。水银是重金属元素,常温下亦易挥发,且有毒。因此,人们一般不愿意摆弄此物,以免吸入毒物,有损于健康、据笔者所了解,该实验在农村中学的开出率较低。针对这些困难情况,笔者将此实验作了一些改进。
The junior high school physics textbook introduced the famous Torricelli experiment performed by the Italian scientist Torricelli in the 1740s. Teachers must do the demonstration experiment correctly and proficiently. However, during the course of many years of teaching, we found that demonstrating the experiment had the following two difficulties. (1) The “Torily Rectangular Tube” currently provided in the school’s laboratory is of a very small size, mercury injection and removal are not easy, and the demonstration in the classroom takes a long time. (2) School laboratories have a limited amount of mercury. When mercury is poured in and taken out, it is easy for mercury to fall on the ground and it is not easy to pick up and recover. Mercury is a heavy metal element that is also volatile and toxic at room temperature. Therefore, people are generally reluctant to play with this material to avoid inhaling toxic substances and harming their health. According to the author’s understanding, the experiment has a low rate of opening in rural middle schools. In response to these difficult situations, the author made some improvements in this experiment.