青霉素是使用最广泛的药物之一。有十五种不同的青霉素制成各种制剂及复合制剂。本文介绍两类不同的青霉素(使用历史较久的和新的)的临床应用。根据临床应用与抗菌活性,青霉素可分为主要的四大类——苄青霉素及其类似制剂;对青霉素酶稳定的青霉素;广谱青霉素及抗绿脓杆菌青霉素。此四类均系杀菌药物。苄青霉素苄青霉素对某些病原菌的抗菌活性特别强,耐药性十分罕见,有的细菌甚至未见有耐药菌株形成。β—溶血性链球菌、草绿色链球菌、肺炎双球菌(除少数少见的南非耐青霉素菌株)、脑膜炎双球菌、梅毒螺旋体、梭状芽胞杆菌属均对青霉素敏感,因此对以 Penicillin is one of the most widely used drugs. There are fifteen different penicillins made from various preparations and combinations. This article describes the clinical use of two different classes of penicillins (with longer history and new ones). According to clinical application and antibacterial activity, penicillin can be divided into four major categories - benzylpenicillin and its like preparations; penicillinase-stable penicillin; broad-spectrum penicillin and anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa penicillin. These four categories are bactericidal drugs. Benzylpenicillin benzylpenicillin antibacterial activity of some pathogens particularly strong resistance is very rare, and some bacteria even without the formation of resistant strains. β-hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pneumoniae (except for a few rare South African penicillin-resistant strains), meningococcus, Treponema pallidum, and Clostridium are all susceptible to penicillin,