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主权是现代政治理论的重要概念,它来源于西方中世纪王权至上性观念的不断发展。王权在中世纪早期并非不言自明地享有至上地位,王权获得至上性经历了一个复杂的政治斗争和理论斗争的过程。在此过程中,罗马法复兴发挥了非常重要的作用。王权至上性(主权)观念的发展是一个政治法学问题,其内在的理论焦点是“权力与法律孰高”。中世纪罗马法学家们积极利用乌尔比安的“皇帝的喜好具有法律的力量”、“皇帝不受法律拘束”这两句格言,为王权突破日耳曼习惯法传统、基督教自然法传统的限制作出了重要贡献。但限于罗马法内在的普世主义品质、合法性基础理论、公私法划分以及罗马法复兴的发展脉络和研究基点都与现代主权理论的内在要求存在冲突,罗马法复兴未能直接创建出系统的现代国家主权理论。
Sovereignty is an important concept of modern political theory, which is derived from the continuous development of the concept of the supremacy of the kingship in the Middle Ages in the West. In the early Middle Ages, the monarchy did not self-evident enjoy supremacy. The supremacy of the monarchy has undergone a complicated process of political struggle and theoretical struggle. In the process, the revival of Roman law has played a very important role. The development of the concept of sovereignty (sovereignty) is a political and legal issue, and its intrinsic theoretical focus is “what is the power and the law?” Medieval Roman jurists made active use of Urbian’s “emperor’s liking to have the power of law” and “the emperor unconstrained by the law” these two maxims, breaking the tradition of Germanic customary law and the Christian natural law tradition Made a significant contribution to the restrictions. However, due to the inherent universalism of Roman law, the basic theory of legitimacy, the division of public and private law and the development of the Roman revival and the research starting point all have conflicts with the inherent requirements of the modern theory of sovereignty. The revival of Roman law failed to directly create a systematic Modern State Sovereignty Theory.