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汽车上采用塑料制品是减轻汽车自重的重要途径之一。汽车用的塑料有聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丙烯腈、尼龙、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯泡沫塑料;塑料的复合材料有纤维增强塑料及碳纤维增强塑料等。为使汽车设计者正确、合理地选择塑料,本文介绍了它们的基本特性、新近发展起来的纤维增强复合材料的成形加工方法。并介绍了设计汽车塑料制品时应注意的事项。塑料的比强度较高,但它的弹性系数和冲击韧性比金属小得多。着重提出注意塑料的耐久性即蠕变强度和疲劳强度方面的问题。也要注意塑料制品使用时的环境温度。
The use of plastic products in automobiles is one of the important ways to reduce the weight of automobiles. Automotive plastic with polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile, nylon, phenolic resin, polyurethane foam; plastic composites are fiber-reinforced plastics and carbon fiber reinforced plastics. In order to make the automobile designer choose the plastic correctly and rationally, this paper introduces their basic characteristics, the newly developed method of forming the fiber reinforced composite material. And introduced the design of automotive plastic products should pay attention to matters. Plastics have higher specific strength, but their modulus of elasticity and impact toughness are much smaller than metals. Focus on the durability of the plastic that creep strength and fatigue strength problems. Also pay attention to the ambient temperature when using plastic products.