感染性心内膜炎(简称IE)在一般省级医院的误诊率为40%左右。其主要原因是:①对不典型的IE缺乏认识。不少医生诊断本病仍习惯用传统的诊断标准——发热、器质性心脏杂音、皮肤粘膜及内脏器官栓塞征象、贫血、杵状指趾及血培养阳性等。实际上,目前大部分IE患者的临床表现是很不典型的。②血培养阳性率太低。血培养阳性为诊断IE的重要依据,但国内实验室血培养阳性率很少高于 Infective endocarditis (referred to as IE) in the general provincial hospital misdiagnosis rate of about 40%. The main reason is: ① lack of understanding of atypical IE. Many doctors diagnose the disease is still accustomed to using the traditional diagnostic criteria - fever, organic heart murmur, signs of skin and mucous membranes and organ embolism, anemia, clubbed toe and blood culture positive. In fact, the clinical manifestations of most IE patients are very typical. ② blood culture positive rate is too low. Blood culture positive for the diagnosis of an important basis for IE, but the domestic laboratory blood culture positive rate rarely higher than