目的了解四川省孕妇出生缺陷一级预防的知识、态度和行为现状,为推进出生缺陷一级预防工作提供科学依据。方法描述四川省孕妇出生缺陷一级预防知识、态度与行为现状;利用因子分析方法从4个维度分析研究对象的孕前保健知识水平。结果本研究选取四川省8个地区的1 057位城市孕妇和917位农村孕妇。结果显示,城市孕妇孕前保健知识水平较好(69.27%),农村孕妇较差(65.49%)。研究对象在风险预防知识维度掌握情况较好,在某些方面认识不足(如叶酸增补和生育史方面)。研究对象对均衡营养、避免滥用药物和科学锻炼的认同情况很好,认同率均在90%以上;对增补叶酸和婚前检查的态度也不错,认同率达到80%以上;对TORCH筛查的认识还比较模糊(认同率为45.73%)。城市妇女婚检率45.32%,农村妇女婚检率49.18%。孕检率和叶酸服用率均超过80%。结论孕妇的保健知识掌握情况较好,但是普遍缺乏对叶酸的正确知识,孕前开始服用叶酸的人数较少,也不能坚持每天服用。8个地区的婚检率显著高于全省平均水平。孕检率普遍较高。大部分研究对象能避免接触出生缺陷的危险因素。应该加强健康教育,提高孕前优生知识水平,进而改善出生缺陷一级预防的态度和行为。 Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior status of primary prevention of birth defects in pregnant women in Sichuan Province and to provide a scientific basis for primary prevention of birth defects. Methods The primary prevention knowledge, attitudes and behavior status of birth defects in pregnant women in Sichuan Province were described. The level of prenatal care knowledge was analyzed by factor analysis method from four dimensions. Results The study selected 1,057 pregnant women and 917 rural pregnant women in 8 cities in Sichuan Province. The results showed that urban pregnant women had better prenatal care knowledge (69.27%) and rural pregnant women (65.49%). Subjects in the risk prevention knowledge grasp the better dimensions, lack of understanding in some areas (such as folic acid supplementation and fertility history). The object of recognition of balanced nutrition, drug abuse avoidance and scientific training is very good, the recognition rate is above 90%; the attitude of adding folic acid and premarital examination is also good, with a recognition rate of more than 80%; understanding of TORCH screening Still vague (recognition rate of 45.73%). The premarital examination rate of urban women was 45.32% and that of rural women was 49.18%. Pregnancy rates and folic acid intake were more than 80%. Conclusion Pregnant women have a good knowledge of health care, but the general lack of correct knowledge of folic acid, folic acid intake before pregnancy less, and can not insist on taking every day. Premarital examination rates in eight districts were significantly higher than the provincial average. Pregnancy rates are generally higher. Most of the study subjects to avoid the risk of exposure to birth defects. Health education should be strengthened to improve prenatal knowledge of eugenics, thereby improving the primary prevention of birth defects attitude and behavior.