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牛黄是一种十分名贵的天然中药材,作为药物应用于临床,在我国已有两千多年历史。早在公元二百年,我国第一部药书《神经本草经》中记载说:“牛黄是百草精华凝结为黄,能解百毒而清炎热,为世神物,诸药莫及”。这充分阐明了牛黄很早以前在中医中药中就占有重要地位了。但由于牛自然生黄率极低,远远满足不了国内药用的需要,不得不以高价从国外进口。近年来,我国已有不少省、市推广利用牛体人工培植牛黄,并已取得了较高的经济效益。牛黄是黄牛和水牛胆囊、胆管、肝管内引起的一种结石,多数发生在十岁以上老残牛的胆囊内。据化验,牛黄含有胆酸、胆红
Niuhuang is a very valuable natural Chinese herbal medicine. It has been used as a drug in clinical practice and has been in China for more than 2,000 years. As early as 200 AD, China’s first medical book, Nerve Cao Jing, recorded that: “Bezoar is the essence of a hundred herbs that has been condensing into yellow, capable of solving apothecary poisons and clearing away heat, making it an artifact for the world and various drugs.” This fully clarified that Niuhuang has long played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. However, due to the extremely low natural yellow rate of cattle, it is far from meeting the needs of domestic pharmaceuticals and has to be imported from abroad at a high price. In recent years, many provinces and cities in China have promoted the use of bovine body for artificial cultivation of bezoar and have achieved high economic benefits. Niuhuang is a kind of stone caused by gallbladder, bile ducts and hepatic ducts in cattle and buffaloes, and most of them occur in the gallbladder of over-age old cattle. According to laboratory tests, bezoar contains bile acid and bilirubin